Michelle

1. How did the Church attempt to enhance the quality of life in medieval Europe? There was a class system. Where people all had a duty to do in the society. 2. Why do you think medieval peasants would support the Church? They probably believe that the church provides them with protection, food and shelter. Also they may support the Church to support God. 3. How did the Church bring about an increase in political stability in Europe? The church sent two lights. The greater light for the Popes to control the people’s souls, and the lesser light for the king to control people’s bodies. 4. How were a feudal manor and a monastic community similar? It is similar because you devote your self to someone higher in class, and you must do the duty you are given. 5. What were some of the problems and abuses that arose within the medieval Church? Personal freedoms were limited by the church. 6. Did the Church provide for greater or less order in medieval society? The Church intended to bring greater order, but it turned out to have less order in the end. 7. Could a bishop or abbot be a feudal lord as well? Yes. They could be a Lord as well. 8. Read the documents in the packet and answer the questions that accompany them. Document 1 • What is the view of medieval society that is expressed in this document? The author expresses the medieval society as a very strict but organized society. • According to this document, what is the deadliest of sins? Greed is a deadly sin.

Document 2 • Why does Pope Innocence III believe that the church has more power than kings and other secular rulers? The Pope controls people’s souls, but kings only control their bodies. Document 4 • What did they fear could happen if they became part of the feudal system?

• Why did the Church need protection here in the 11c? Document 5 • Why did the religious life have such a great appeal at this time in history? They didn’t have anything else to explain science and natural changes with. • Were there materialistic as well as spiritual reasons for entering a cloister [monastery]? You must be fully devoted to god, and must be willing to follow the rules of the monastery.

• What are Benedict’s reasons for not allowing a monk to change his mind and leave the cloister once vows have been taken? Document 6

• Why can it be said that a monastery and a medieval castle had some things in common? What were they? The structure was similar.

• What other functions did the monastery serve, based on this diagram?

There was also a prison.

Document 7

• How would you describe life in a medieval monastery? A monk would spend most of his time doing church service.

• How is the summer schedule different from the winter one? There are no naps during the day in winter. There are more meditation and reading times.

Document 8

• What are the results of being excommunicated from the Catholic Church?

They thought some people were cursed.

Document 9

• How were personal freedoms limited by church doctrine and outlook? People had to do every thing the people of the upper class tells them to do. The rules limited them to doing things.

9. Why do you think that the European Middle Ages is known as the "Age of Faith?" The church tried to give faith to the people.

Video Notes
 * Ghost stories were spread
 * Economy developed on farming
 * 1/4 of new borns died in the middle ages
 * Monastaries were important institiutions in europe
 * Monks read classics
 * Monks wrote a 5 volume history of england
 * Monks wrote a 5 volume history of england

Summary Dark Ages

During the Middle Ages, Europes economy was mostly based on farming. There were many threats, and it was a dangerous place to live. There was not a sufficient population, and people didnt have any idea about science. Therefore, they couldnt make life better for themselves. The Catholic Church condemned ghost stories that commonly spread among peasants. There were institutions in the middle ages, called monastaries. Monks lived in monasteries. The monks read classics and wrote a 5 volume history of england.

Vikings

The Vikings were a very brutal tribe.The Vikings came from scandinavia. The vikings had a very brutal lifestyle too. However, the vikings could survive most of the time no matter how much the conditions were brutal. They had long ships to sail through harsh seas. This gave them a great advantage in invaded others' seas.

Women in the Middle Ages

A peasant woman's day is much filled with work. She must wake up everyday feed and dress her family members every morning. Then she goes to work all day feeding the geese and embroidering cloth. After dinner, she goes to the fields to help the sheep. She then prays with her family members and eats supper. Then goes to sleep after prayers before bed. A woman of the nobleman's family spends most of her time thinking about her children, and wondering whether the squires' training is going well. The Princess spends most of her time enjoying watching jostles and thinking about which man to marry.

The Food of the Middle Ages

The Food of Northern Europe was mostly made of cattle and sheep while the food of Southern Europe was made from fruits, vegetables and herbs. They used olive oil. They had banquets, feasts in which everyone was invited and they ate food all together. Their plates were made from bread to soak up the blood coming from their meat. Meats and fish were dried or smoked. Vegetables were sometimes pickled. Food was cooked over a hearth in the kitchen.

Jousts

Jousts were competitions where two knights charged at each other from opposite ends on horse back with long lances. To win the game, they needed to knock their opponent to the ground with their lance. Joust tournaments could last for days because everyone competed in them. Knights wore armor when they competed. Their armor was over 50 pounds and they were very stuffy and hard to move in. Even the horse had to wear armor when they competed!


 * Feudalism PowerPoint Notes

Feudal and manorial systems: governed life and required people eot perform certain duties and obligations

Fiefs and vassals

Knights were usually paid for their services with land. -Anyone accepting a fief was called a vassal - Person from whom he accepted fief was his lord
 * Land given to knight for service was called a fief
 * Historians call system of exchanging land for service Feudal system, or feudalism

Oath of Fealty • Lords, vassals in feudal system had duties to fulfill to one another • Knight’s chief duty as vassal to provide military service to this lord • Had to promise to remain loyal; promise called oath of fealty Lord and Vassal • Europe’s feudal system incredibly complex • Person could beboth lord, vassal • Some knights with large fiefs The Manorial System The feudal system was a political and social system. A related system governed medieval economics. This system was called the manorial system because it was built around large estates called manors Daily life in the middle ages Life in a castle • Life in middle ages was not easy did not have comforts we have today • Early castles built for defense not comport • Few windows, stuffy in windows, cold in winter Life in a Village • Despite discomforts, life in a castle was preferable to life in a village. The typical village family lived in a small wooden one-room house. The roof was made of straw, the floor of dirt, holes in the walls as windows • Meals: brown bread, cheese, vegetables, occasionally meat • No chimneys, house often full of fire. Fires common**

// Here she comes! The mighty woman warrior Lala! Lala serves as a knight in England. Her eyes are the most deepest blue-green like the ocean. Her voice is high pitched but firm and sounds intellectual. Her lips are in a sincere smile. She is not muscular but she is still very strong and fit. She wears the strongest and brightest armor to war, and wears the finest tunic when she is not at war. She is very cheerful usually although she is very fierce at war. She always has a bracelet made of shells on her wrist, because she believes it brings her luck. Besides fighting in war, Lala is interested in poetry writing and reading.
 * Knight Paragraph**

Fall of Rome - 476 AD, Middle Ages begin - Barbarians (Ostrogoth, Vandals, Vikings . . .) -> Clovis - King of the barbarian tribe that tries to build a civilization in Germany and France. -> Feudalism - Lord, Knights. . . Serfs -> Charlemagne - First real king. Organized Europe. ➞ Vikings - Advanced barbarians most feared. ➞ Arthur's Legend - 1000-1300 (High Middle Ages) ➞ Black Death (1350-1500) - 2/3 of Europe's population died.➞ Renaissance - "rebirth of Europe"


 * Assignment 1

Since these barbarian tribes were in the "Dark Ages", do you think they were friendly towards each other? Why or why not?**

No. They all wanted land. power wealth etc. So they fought for it.


 * One of the tribes we didn't study was called the Merovingians. Who were the Merovingians? (Use source 1 to answer this question.)**

They settled in homes, and tried to help build up civilization.


 * Who was Clovis and why was his conversion to Christianity important in history? (Use source 2)**

He was the king of Merovingia. He was a brutal warrior, who liked bloody war. 15 years after taking the throne he converted to christianity. Came to the throne in 481 AD.


 * Assignment 2**

Fall of Rome in AD 476. It is often called the middle ages.
 * What is considered the beginning of the Middle Ages?**


 * What is the Latin name for the Middle Ages?**

The Latin name for the Middle Ages is Medival.


 * Why do you think the Middle Ages are often called the "Dark Ages"? What was the only hope for people during these difficult times?**

There was much diseases and invaders. The government wasn’t strong, so the streets were unsafe and there was a very high chance of becoming robbed or kidnapped etc.


 * While Europe was in the "Dark Ages", what was happening in the rest of the world?**

Muslims studied the works of ancient Greece and other places such as Africa, China, India, and the Americas were flourishing.


 * How long did the "Dark Ages" last and what year did they end?**

It ended in 1485.


 * What does Renaissance mean and what happened during this time?**

Renaissance means ‘rebirth.’ Literature, science, art and other great things developed and flourished.


 * Assignment 3 Source: The Frankish Empire**


 * How did Charlemagne and the Franks turn their kingdom into an empire?**

He expanded the kingdom and took control over it.


 * What did Charlemagne do to educate people?**

He set up schools around the empire and educated those who couldn’t read or write.


 * How and why did Charlemagne preserve ancient texts?**

He had the brightest scholars preserve the ancient texts. He preserved them for future generations.

• Middle Ages- A time of ancient Europe where people lived with the feudal system. The hygiene was bad, and science was not developed. • Medieval- old • Patrick- He was a British born Christian missionary • Monks- Monks are people who dedicate their lives to worshipping god. • Monasteries- The place where a monk or nun stays to worship god. • Benedict- say good blessings to someone • Charlemagne- The king of frank until 1. a. How are monks and monasteries related? Monks live in monasteries. b. Why did missionaries travel to northern Europe? Missionaries traveled to northern Europe to spread Christianity. c. Why do you think monks followed such strict rules? They need to follow strict rules to focus on worshipping god. 2. a. What is Charlemagne famous for? Charlemagne united most of ancient Rome back together. b. What do you think Charlemagne’s greatest accomplishment was? Why? Government was his greatest accomplishment because that is what brought the country back in order again. 3. a. What areas of Europe did the Vikings raid? Greenland, Turkey, Iceland, Russia b. Why were people in Europe so frightened of Viking raids? The Vikings were very violent, and they attacked from sea, not land like other tribes. 4 and 5

Assignment 1- Islam

1. What are some things that didn't surprise you about the information on the map? Lots of Muslim population in the Middle East area

2. Which areas/countries of the world are you surprised have a large Muslim population? Muslims in China

3. Which country has the highest Muslim population? Why do you think this country has the highest population? Indonesia has the most. Maybe this place was not ‘contaminated’ with other religions from different countries

4. Why do you think Islam is spread out so much? Muhammad probably had followers from different countries.

1. In what way are the Muslims you see in the photo gallery different?

They wore different clothes. The weather seems different- the children are wearing short sleeves The TV is black and white!

2. What do you think accounts for these differences? Their clothes show that they are very dedicated to their religion. The muslims look different in different parts of the world.


 * byzantine (east side of rome)
 * kindgoms
 * Structure changes to monarchy
 * Constantine moved hte capital to the Roman Empire east to Byzantium
 * Why?
 * Rome was weakening- political,barbarian invasions, inflation, location
 * Location was too far to trade
 * Constantinople thrives but west rome dies.
 * Trade and industry made Byzantium wealthy.
 * Coinage-> gold coins called nomisma
 * The nomisma became standard coin.
 * Empire's wealth came from taxes: sales taxes, property taxes, income taxes.
 * Emporer
 * determined taxes, controlled the army, controlled the treasury, presided over all festivities, head of the eastern orthodox church
 * The emporer's power was moderated by three grops of electors -> senate, army, citizens.
 * Army
 * Navy:
 * smaller than the army
 * 100-300 sailors perships. Secret weapon-> fire was on bronze lion and shoot to other boats, couldn't put out the fire with water because of petroleum

Assignment 10

• **In what ways did the culture of the Huns differ from that of the Romans?** The Huns were more “wild” than the Romans. Even when they wore armor, the Huns would wear leather armor and have axes while the Romans would wear metal armor and carry daggers and swords. Later the Huns adopted Roman culture. The Huns were intense fighters. Rome was weak by the early 5th century. They were going to conquer Germany, but decided to conquer the Roman Empire too. The Huns went to parts of Britain, Italy and near the Black Sea They couldn’t fight back because they were practically powerless. His army attacked 70 cities. He was a very powerful leader. They survived and flourished. They had not lost power like the Western part of Rome had.
 * • How did the way of life of the Huns give them an advantage against Rome? How was it a disadvantage?**
 * • Why did the "barbarians" move into the Roman Empire?**
 * • What routes did these invaders take?**
 * • How did the Romans treat them when they began moving into the Empire?**
 * • Why was Attila so feared?**
 * • Why were the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire initially untouched by barbarian invasions in the 4c and 5c C.E.?**




 * Assignment 7**

1. The Rubicon River was the boundary where a general had to disband his army before returning to Rome. 2. Pompey didn't stay in Rome to fight Caesar because Caesar’s legions were much bigger than Pompey’s. 3. Rome was abandoned in 49 B.C. 4. Caesar wanted the money from the Senate for himself and his army, which he said he wanted for to change the government. 5. Caesar got the money from the Senate by force. 6. After defeating Pompey in 48BC, Caesar returned to Rome and made himself Emperor. 7. Pompey fled to ? and was killed (?) 8. Caesar stayed in power for 5 years. 9. Caesar was killed on March 15th by a group of senators. 10. The ides of march has become the name of his assassination. 1. Using website #1,
 * Assignment 5**

Syria Judea Brittania Syria-Syria Judea- Palestine Brittania- Great Brittan
 * list at least three Roman province names that you recognize.
 * give the modern name of the Roman provinces that you listed.

Use website #2 to answer these questions: 2. Where are you from and how were the Romans able to conquer you? I live in Gallia, the Romans invaded 100 years ago. 3. What are two consequences of your defeat? We are called “barbarians” and made to fight in gladiator fights. 4. On the way back to Rome, some of your friends have died. Why? Our tribe lost the battle and we have been taken in prisoner, some killed. 5. What happens to you in the market? We are sold as slaves. 6. What will you become? What could you have become? Which is better? You are sent to train as a gladiator at a school where slaves are trained to be gladiators. 7. Who is your favorite person on staff? Why? The attendant (?) because he carries your things for you. 8. Which gladiator do you want to be? Why? I would be a samnite, because a samnite is armed with a shield, and helmet and also has a sword. 9. How will the crowd be entertained? First we will “practice fight” with wooden swords then people will bet on who will win. After that we will be given our real weapon to fight, music will be played and the fight will start. 10. When can you have a rest? When you are dead. 11. How do you appeal to the emperor? If you raise one finger, the audience will vote, if they will give mercy to the gladiator or not. 12. What happens to you? If you are dead, your body is dragged into a pit, and the grounds are cleaned to erase all spots of blood.