Eric

HOW DOES THE CIVIL WAR END PAGE 536~543
==1a. What Confederate general died from his wounds at Chancellorsville? == ==Stonewall Jackson was accidentally shot by one of his troops. ==

 1b. Why was the Union army defeated at Chancellorsville? There were two great generals, Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee, who were leading the army.

2a.What was the Gettysburg Address ? It was the speech Lincoln that praised all the soldiers who had fought for their courage.

2b.Why was geography important to the outcome of the Battle of Gettysburg? Winnig or losing would depend on which side used the land in the best way.

3a. What was the purpose of the Wilderness Campaign ? It was the attempt of to take over the Confederate capital by a series of invasions.

3b.In what way was the capture of Atlanta an important victory for President Lincoln? It allowed the South to take over the railroad system and its center of industry.

4a.What events led to Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Courthouse ? Grant and Lee met together and signed a peace treaty, which would end the war. Grant promised that Lee's troops would not be attacked if he left after signing the treaty. Lee agreed, signed the surender documents, and finally ended the war.

4b.What problems did the South face at the end of the war? Although the war had ended, the Southern economy had very serious damage on their economy. 

**1a. What role did** **Ulysses S. Grant** **play in the war in the West?**
He helped the Union gain control of the Mississippi River with his plans, and later he became the General in Chief of the army. The victory helped the Union gain control of the Mississippi Valley, which was important land to the Anaconda Plan that would help defeat the Confederacy. Yes. Since he was looking for a bold general who could stand up against the Confederacy, Lincoln would have approved Grant's actions. Victory at New Orleans was led by Admiral Farragut, who took the Union into New Orleans from the Gulf of Mexico, going through two Confederate forts and conquered the city on April 29.. New Orleans was very important to the Confederacy, because it was a major place of exports. Also, it was one of the main cities of Mississippi. This helped the Union win the war, because they had took over Mississippi.
 * 1b. Why was the** **Battle of Shiloh** **important?**
 * 1c. Do you think President Lincoln would have approved of Grant’s actions in the West? Why or why not?**
 * 2a. How did the Union take New Orleans, and why was it an important victory?**
 * 2b. How were civilians affected by the** **Siege of Vicksburg?**
 * No supplies could be given to the city, and everyone had to starve due to the lack of food supplies. **
 * 2c.** **What might be some possible results of the Union victory at Vicksburg?**

** WAR BEGINS Page 511~515**

A: The Confederate attack on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1681. ** A: The Union had to actually go into the land, but all the Confederacy had to do was not give up and hold their place. ** A: I think the Union was best prepared, because they had better weapons, more troops, and better technology. ** A: At home, they raised money for their family and soldiers. Some women even became nurses foe the army. ** **2b.** **In what ways were the armies of the North and South unprepared for war? A: Both had to gather troops hastily, so most of them were not trained soldiers. Also, there was even a lack of some guns. ** A: Some expected it to be an exciting adventure, and some others wanted to protect their homeland. ** A: The North had more numbers in troops, and they had a better system of railroads for transportation. However, South only had to protect their land, and since they had a huge supply of crops, they could last through the war. **
 * 1a. What event triggered the war between the Union and the Confederacy?
 * 1b. How did the Union’s strategy differ from that of the Confederacy?
 * 1c. Which side do you think was best prepared for war?
 * 2a. How did women take part in the war?
 * 2c. Why did men volunteer to fight in the war?
 * 3. Strengths and weaknesses of the North and South


 * WAR IN THE EAST Pages 516~521**

A: First BAttle of Bull Run (1861)- first civil war battle. Confederate won the battle Seven Day’s Battle (1862)- Robert E. Lee holds of McClellan’s army and stopped the Union from conquering Richmond. Second Battle of Bull Run (1862)-Confederate fights with Pope’s army and stops them from joining with McClellan’s army. After this battle, Lee decides to attack. Battle of Antietam (1862)-McClellan stopped the South from going into the lands of the North, but both sides took serious damage. The Clash of the Ironclads-Battle of Monitor vs. Virginia. Prevents Virginia from doing any more damage on the fleet. A: Although they had better forces and numbers, since they had no combat experience and didn’t get reinforcements, I think that is the main reason they lost the battle. A: They accidently let Lee’s battle strategies leek out into the hands of the McClellan. **2b. What was the outcome of the Battle of Antietam, and what effect did it have on both the North and the South?** A: Since it was their first attack, or invasion, they wanted to go to all the way to Washington DC. However, the attempt of their first attack failed. A: He believed that Lee had some troops hidden somewhere, and he left some of his troops for reinforcements for later. However, Lee didn’t have any, so due to the lack of soldiers on McClellan’s side, he let Lee’s forces run away. A: They were trying to block the area around all of the Southern ports, in order to give them serious damage on their economy and trade system, because they mostly depended on the export of their cotton for their economy. A: It was harder to damage with cannons while the ironclad itself could give damage to the foe’s wooden ships.
 * 1a. List the early battles in the East and the outcome of each battle.**
 * 1b. Why do you think the Union lost the First Battle of Bull Run?**
 * 2a: What costly mistake did the Confederacy make before the Battle of Antietam?**
 * 2c. Why do you think General George B. McClellan did not finish off General Robert E. Lee’s troops when he had the chance?**
 * 3a. What was the Union’s strategy in the war at sea?**
 * 3b. Why were ironclads more successful than older, wooden ships?**


 * Mr. C's Lecture Notes**
 * Manifest Destiny- ** The idea that the country had to spread toward the west and make the territory of America start from the Atlantic and end at the Pacific.
 * Annexation of Texas- ** Texas became independent from Mexico, and after the war between US and Mexico ended, it became part of US.
 * Oregon Trail **- The trails leading west to the Pacific ocean, which goes through mountains and over rivers.
 * Oregon Territory- ** This is the territory that was negotiated with Britain. Above the 49th parallel line is what we call Canada today.
 * California Gold Rush **- The rush to California after hearing the news of gold found there. This helped fuel to spread to the west.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Mexican American War- ** War between Mexico and America. After this, US gets the southwestern states, for example like Texas and California.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif';">Industrialism- ** The North had more factories and produced more manufactured goods. On the other hand, the South was developed in agriculture.

**Missouri Compromise-**An agreement that was made in 1820 between the pro and non slavery countries. This agreement allowed the western side of America to have slavery.
 * Vocabulary**
 * secession-** The Latin word for withdrawing from an organization, union
 * Compromise of 1850-**Series of bills that aimed to resolve the territorial and slavery problems that occurred during the Mexican-American War.
 * Fugitive Slave Law-**A series of laws passed by the United States in 1793 and 1850 to give the slaves a chance to move to return to public territory.
 * Uncle Tom's Cabin-** An anti-slavery novel that was Harriet Beecher Stowe, published in 1852.
 * Ostend Manifesto-**A secret document that was written in 1854 in Ostend, Belgium. This contained a plan of taking over Cuba and Spain.
 * Kansas Nebraska Act-** Made in 1820, which allowed people in Kansas and Nebraska to determine if it wanted slaves or not.
 * Dred Scott Case-**A decision made by the United States Supreme Court that slaves, no matter what, could never become US citizens.
 * John Brown's Raid-** The raid that John Brown led with armed slaves in order to seize a United States Arsenal at Harpers Ferry.
 * Election of 1860-** This election set the stage of the American Civil War. This was mainly a fight between Abraham Lincoln and John C. Breckinridge.

<span style="font-family: 맑은 고딕;">**Brown vs Board of Education** The "Brown vs Board of Education" was something very important in the history of the decions of the Supreme Court. This involves 5 cases related to the states and the capital. These 5 cases, are //Briggs v. Elliot// case in South Carolina, the //Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County// case in Virginia, the //Belton v. Gebhart// in Delaware, the //Bolling v. Sharpe// case in Washington D.C. and the //Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka// in Kansas, argued that the schools for whites and blacks were not equal, because most of the schools that were for black students were very poor in facilities and other education systems. After the government listened to Brown, they agreed that the schools were indeed poor after looking at them. However, they did not do anything. The parents of these black chilren got angry and formed a group called the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and started demonstrating. The Supreme Court claimed that the two schools couldn't be equal if either one side was discriminated. So, the Supreme Court decided to make rules that didn't discriminate the schools and children. Most of the schools got rid of discrimination, but there were still signs of it at places like the water fountains and cafeterias. Although there was nothing done about the schools that disagreed to un-discrimination, it was still a big step that conttributed to the society of today's America.

ㄴ The doctrine that Monroe declares that he will not tolerate any interference from the European countries. ㄴ The purchase of land from France under Napolen's order ㄴ At the period of time, it didn't actually have much effect on America's relationship, but later on, it became one of the main principles of American foreign policy. ㄴ Jefferson was afraid that France would try to expand it's empire into America and disturb America's trade route beside the Mississipi River and lose a major shipping port, New Orleans. At that time Napolean was suffering from the more than expected use of resources, which made him realize that he couldn't expand his empire. So, he decided to sell the land back to America at 15 million dollars. This almost doubled the size of America's territory.
 * Monroe Doctrine**
 * Louisiana Purchase**
 * How did the Monroe Doctrine influence America's relationship with other foreign countries?**
 * Identify the circumstances that allowed the United States to gain possession of the Louisiana territory.**

1. How many Supreme Court Justices are there? ㄴThere are nine people in order to make it easier for the result to become a majority. 2. What is the Supreme Court? What does it do? ㄴThey decide the fate of big state issues. They voted on the issue and chose the answers. 3. What was the judiciary act of 1789? What is Judicial review? <span style="color: black; font-family: 맑은 고딕; msofareastfontfamily: '맑은 고딕'; msofareastthemefont: minor-latin; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msobidifontsize: 10.0pt; msofontkerning: 0pt; msobidifontweight: bold;">ㄴIt created the Judicial Branch of the Federal government. It made the number of members of the Supreme Court to 6 people, the number of lower district courts. 4. What was the story of Marbury vs Madison? ㄴA case when a man couldn’t get a job because the government couldn’t help the him. The idea is that the judicial review of the court can decide of the government’s actions if they are constitutional or not.

Lewis and Clark Q&A<span style="font-family: 맑은 고딕;">

Q: Why did Jefferson want to explore the west? A: He didn’t want it to have it for his own generation, but he wanted the later citizens to be able to know about the world. He wanted to spread liberty all the way to the western coast. He was also thinking of a nation that would spread all the way to the Pacific Ocean. To say it simply, he wanted a big nation.

Q: Why was Lewis an ideal leader for the Corps of Discovery? A: He was a man of great character, great integrity and had good leadership. Since he was the right hand man of Jefferson, Jefferson believed that he would be able to do a good job, and knew that Lewis was a man of good manners and would receive respect from the men.

Q: What kind of man was William Clark? A: He was the kind of man that could always find a solution. He was a great help to the expedition, because he had a great sense of the landscape, and he was an excellent cartographer. He made most of the maps that would later help the Americans in knowing their land better.

Q: Who was Sacagawea and how did she aid the expedition? A: She was fourteen when she was pregnant, and she was taken and given through gambling between men. She helped the expedition by using her good senses about landscape, which helped greatly in direction finding. Although she was taken away when she was young, she seemed to still remember all of the roads and the directions of the rivers.

Q: What was life like for York, Clark’s black slave, during the expedition? A: He felt like a freeman, because he crossed mountains and rivers. However, when he came back home, he felt almost crazy, because he was treated as a slave again. When he went on the expedition, since he was in nature and exploring and traveling, he felt like a free man, which means he was happy.

Q: How did Lewis and Clark deal with the Indians they met? A: They talked about the president as the Great Father, and the Indians believed them. Also, since they had Sacagawea, she was able to tell the Indians that they meant no harm to them.

Q: What kinds of animals did Lewis and Clark discover? A: They discovered grizzly bears, mosquitoes, and prairie dogs. There were so many mosquitoes, and Clark was unable to spell it correctly after trying 27 times. Also, buffaloes roamed free everywhere, also prairie dogs.

Q: What are some of the lesser known stories of the expedition? A: Like the story of the Lewis’s dog. Even the buffalos were scared of it, because it was so big. They almost ate it, but since it was a great dog and companion to have, they didn’t eat it, but spared it.

Q: What is the largest historical significance of the expedition? A: America got to know how it’]s country looks like, and it has the chance to get more land. Also, this expedition was a great help to the American science and geology. Since there were almost 100 kinds of species of animals newly discovered and like 20 kinds of plants discovered. <span style="font-family: 맑은 고딕;">
 * Creating a New Nation Q&A (3/16)**

**(1a) What role did the electoral college play in George Washington’s election to the presidency?** They unanimously supported Washington.
 * (1b) What were some of Martha Washington’s duties as First Lady?** She entertained guests and attended social events with her husband.
 * (2a) What precedent did President Washington and Congress establish regarding the executive branch?** They created departments in the executive branch for different areas of national policy.
 * (2b) What was the purpose of the Judiciary Act of 1789?** To prevent one branch from taking to much power over the others.
 * (2c) What do you think was the most important element of the Judiciary Act of 1789? Why?** I think the division of power among the three branches was the most important element, because it prevented the corruption of the government.
 * (3a) What city served as the first capital of the United States? Why?** It represented the spirit of the new nation.
 * (3b)What expectations did most Americans have for the new nation?** They expected lower taxes and free trade systems.
 * (3c) Do you think New York City should still be the capital city of the United States? Explain your answer.** I think it would be okay, because New York City is the United State’s most developed city, I think it would be okay.

(1a) **What economic problems did the new government face?** The government had to pay bonds to other other countries.
 * (1b) What compromise did Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison reach regarding repayment of state debts?** They agreed on paying the debt immediately, although Thomas Jefferson did disagree at first.
 * (2a) What disagreement did Jefferson and Hamilton have over the central government?** Hamilton wanted a strong central government where the wealthier citizens had more power, and Jefferson wanted to protect the powers of the states.
 * (2b) Hamilton was a New Yorker, while Jefferson was from Virginia. How do you think that affected their views on the economy?** Since in New York most people had jobs and were wealthy, Hamilton wanted those kind of people to have more power, and since Virginia isn’t a wealthy, Jefferson wanted the states to have power.
 * (2c) Do you agree with Hamilton or Jefferson regarding the average citizen’s ability to make decisions for the country? Explain your answer**. I agree with Jefferson, because a strong central government can be corrupted or use it’s powers unwisely.
 * (3a) Why did Jefferson oppose the creation of the Bank of the United States?** He thought that the creation of the Bank of the United States would give too much power to the federal government.
 * (3b) What is the difference between loose construction and strict construction of the Constitution?** Loose construction means that the federal government can take reasonable actions that the Constitution does not specifically forbid, and strict construction means that the federal government should do only what the Constitution specifically says it can do.
 * (3c) Defend Alexander Hamilton’s stance in favor of the creation of a national bank.** First of all, it would help keep the nation’s money safe, which could prevent economic problems. Second, the United States could start to make it’s own money.

**Understanding the Constitution Q&A** Q: What type of government did the Constitution establish for the United States? A: Federal system, which divides power between the states and government

Q: What is the difference between delegated, reserved, and concurrent powers? A: Delegated powers include coining money, reserved powers include forming local governments, and concurrent powers include taxing.

Q: What role does the vice president serve in the legislative branch? A: He serves as the president of the Senate, and he can vote to break ties.

Q: In what ways are the Senate and the House of Representatives similar and different? A: Both of them represent the people. The Senate wants the smaller states to have more power, and the House of Representatives wants the bigger states to have more power.

Q: Why do you think the requirements for serving on the Senate are stricter than those for serving in the House of Representatives? A: Maybe because satisfying the smaller states is harder than satisfying bigger states.

Q: What powers are granted to the president? A: The president can veto a bill of he thinks it isn’t appropriate.

Q: Why is it important that the president and Congress work together on resolving governmental issues? A: Each side could get together to form a better bill and cut off bills that are not needed.

Q: What do you think is the most important power granted to the president? Why? A: I think the most important power of the president is that in times of war, he can control the army.

Q: What is the main power of the judicial branch? A: They can write laws.

Q: Which branch of government do you feel is most important? Explain. A: I think that all three of them are important, because each of them support the other side in some way.

Q. Review your notes on the branches of government. Then copy the web diagram below and use it to show two powers of each branch of government. A: Legislative: Writes the law, declares war. Executive: Propose laws, can make treaties Judicial: interprets the Constitution and other laws, reviews lower court decisions

constitution-a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state is acknowledged to be governed Virginia Plan-a plan, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a legislature of two houses with proportional representation in each house and executive and judicial branches to be chosen by the legislature compromise-an agreement or settlement of a dispute that us reached by each side making concessions [|Great Compromise]-an agreement that the American government would have two houses in Congress: the Senate, where each state has two representatives, and the House of Representatives, where each state has a number of Representatives based on population [|Electoral College] ([|Frequently Asked Questions])-a body of electors chosen by the voters in each state to elect the President and Vice President of the U.S. New Jersey Plan-a plan, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a single legislative house with equal representation for each state. Three-Fifths Compromise-a compromise between Southern and Northern States reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the population slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the [|apportionment] of the members of the United States house of Representatives.

1. Should the government's power come from the states or the people? The power should definitely come from the people, because the governments is not only running for the states, but most importantly the people. 2. Should slaves be counted as people or property for determining representation in Congress? They should be counted as people, because no matter what they are, even if they are slaves, they have the right to be people. 3. Should the slave trade be outlawed or allowed to continue? It should be outlawed, because humans do not have the right to make other humans to serve for them. 4. Should a single person be allowed to head (lead) the executive branch? Since the executive branch has the power to put plans, actions, or laws into effect, one person could use the law to only his advantage. He could receive bribes from people and make wrong decisions. 5. Should the chief executive (president) be elected by the Congress or by the people? The president has to be elected by the people. The state is for the people, not for the Congress. The people are the ones who live in the country, so they should have the rights to elect their leader.