Jamie

Assignment 9

How did the Church attempt to enhance the quality of life in medieval Europe? It gave the people the hope of heaven, and knowing that there is someone watching over you and that something good awaits if you live well means that you won’t be depressed your whole life. Why do you think medieval peasants would support the Church? The church is the servant of god. Treat god’s servant well would probably mean increasing your chances for going to heaven. Also, you didn’t want to be excommunicated. How did the Church bring about an increase in political stability in Europe? They gave peasant and the other classes the idea that each functions like a human body and that in castes, there must be equality and between castes, an inequality. They also said that the church was above everything, which made everything tranquil in hope of not angering god. How were a feudal manor and a monastic community similar? There was a hierarchy there too. There was the ‘ruler’, the pope, and the abbots and abbesses and the lesser monks and nuns along with clergymen, a different branch under pope. What were some of the problems and abuses that arose within the medieval Church? The church basically had everything wrapped around its fingers, and could give/ take away land under the reason of ‘commitment to god’. Did the Church provide for greater or less order in medieval society? They provided greater order, as they declared that people cannot move between castes, all people in the caste to be treated equally and such. That gave new order, which made the village into something like a unit. Could a bishop or abbot be a feudal lord as well? No, people committed to god (such as an abbot or feudal lord) had to live without luxuries. A feudal lord had a way better life then others, and that would be a luxury. Read the documents in the packet and answer the questions that accompany them. Why do you think that the European Middle Ages is known as the "Age of Faith?" It was probably because everyone believed in Christianity, since it was the only hope, or something to look forward to after you died. Also, they believed because getting excommunicated will make you life worse. Basically, everyone was united under the church, making it the age of faith.

Notes of Monks and Peasants

Disease and warfare claimed thousands of lives as Rome fell. People had to depend on agriculture again. They were isolated in the untamed wilderness. Villagers told tales of witches and wizards. The church forbid such tales, but being in the society/ village meant that such stories were believable. All family worked to have enough food. Half the children died before adulthood, and 2 or both parents died too. In winter you could do nothing but starve. Monks did most of the intellectual work back in the darks ages, as they were the only ones that were even educated. Bead was a monk who was known for have written and copied books. He had more than twenty- that would have been a huge library back then. Bead's work is very important in the pre-christian history, and a lot of his is what we have left. Saint Benedict of Mercia could heal miracally. The monks begged him to be their leader, and he accepted. He became the abbot- meaning that he was the head/ high monk. However, he was too harsh, and the other monks tried to poison him twice( they all came from noble and wealthy families. They could not bear themselves degraded to servants). After that, Benedict left and established his own chain of 12 monasteries. Those people had to give up to god their 'will' which meant that they gave up the 'desire' that led them to do bad things. In other words, you gave up luxury and your wants.

Notes of Barbarians- the Viking

They started in the 8th century, and continued to take Europe by strength for the next three centuries. nothing could stop them. They did not dread the unknown, and they did not care about the rules. They were explorers, settlers and traders, and they rode atop a huge boat. They sailed across the sea, going to Europe, North Africa and so on. They came from a place of bitter climate(known as Scandinavia), trying to get better land. They were violent and courageous. They had a civilized and artistic civilization- a discovery on the year 1880 at Norway said that. Tombs were filled with goods for the afterlife. The ships were so well made, that they could actually get across the rivers.The dead were buried in the ships.The villagers in Scandinavia were organized and had a chief would would govern and sometimes make war. The vikings had a colder climate, and it was very difficult to live in. They planted in the growing season, and relied heavily on livestock (back when they were still at land). The population increased, and there was tension throughout the land. The Viking groups fought each other and the stronger killed the weak. Then some decided to sail instead. They made a longboat, and sailed on seas, beating fear in the villagers and taking over lands, giving us the impression of barbarians.

Written part of the assignment 'Castles'



Notes

commoners

commoners had a hard life. They were the lowest class of people and had to pay the highest amount of taxes. Also they had to work the most. The reason they didn't leave was because there was nowhere else to go. The other land was owned by another king.small shack that was their "house". Also they had a small field that they had to work on day and night. If the crop season was bad, they starved.belonged to neither the nobility nor the church. They were divided into many groups. These groups are: the bailiff, the craftsman, the servants, and the peasants.bailiff were: collecting taxes and managing the fiefdom. The duties of the craftsman are: making candles and shoes and other things for higher class people. The duties of the servants were: preparing beds and other things. The peasants had to farm on the little space they had, and also sold the crops.hat made of straw, a leather smock, a long sleaved white shirt, pants, and leather shoes.shack made of cement, wood, and straw. It had cement on the outside. It had a straw and wood roof. Sticks would hold it up. The inside consisted of two small bedrooms and a small closet. There was a shack that took up one sixth of the house space!

Food and feasts

cook tasted meat for poison used cattle and sheep for food. In South Europe, they also had fruits, vegetables, and herbs for food. They used olive oil rather than butter. A banquet was sometimes made up of 6 courses. It provided food for everyone, not just the rich and famous. Rule were laid down for how people ate, their table manners and where they sat. They used spoons and knifes for eating. They also used trenchers, which were things like plates except they were pieces of hard bread that would soak up the blood and liquids from the chicken, turkey and other meats. A banquet was made up of many thingsmeats and fishes were smoked or dried. Another way of preserving was that fruits and vegetables were pickled. Meat for the winter was salted in huge wooden vats. Sometimes meat and fruit were stored together in barrels. The warmest place in the kitchen was the blazing hearthFood was often disguised with spices to hide the taste of rotten meat!castles kept honey bees. Honey was used to sweeten foods and drinks. Sometimes water was channeled straight to the kitchen. Larger castles had their own fishponds, orchards, and vineyards.

The king, the lady and the doctor

The king was the most important person in the Middle Ages. In fact, he was the highest person according to the feudal system. The feudal system was a system where the peasants gave taxes to their lords and the lords gave taxes to their kings.The king was the most important person in the Middle Ages. In fact, he was the highest person according to the feudal system. The feudal system was a system where the peasants gave taxes to their lords and the lords gave taxes to their kings.men. A king also had to have a way to have a way to control his nobility. He had that to. He would lead his army into battles and waging sucessful wars.A kings vassals (lords) served loyalty, advice, and armed support to their kings. In return, the king gave them wealth and mini-kingdoms called fiefdoms.A vassal also had vassals of their own. Usually when a king says something, people listen. But he still needs a staff of officials to make sure his orders were carried out. William I of England ruled that way.He was even called William the Conqueror because he made sure that people followed his orders and got things done.The lady was not considered a very important person during the Middle Ages. According to St. Jerome, a Latin father of the Christian church, woman is the gate of the devil, the path of wickedness, the sting of the serpent, in a word, a perilous object. A woman didn't get to decide much on their own. Tor example even if a man and woman didn't like each other they would be forced to marry so the families would fatten their pockets with money. And a girl under the age of ten could be married to a man of fifty or sixty! The church did not allow divorce so the wife would have to stay with her husband until he died. When he died, his widow still would be very young so her family would probably force her to marry again. That could happen about four times in her life.An unmarried daughter was a burden to her family. They were often sent to become nuns. By sending her away, families thought they had solved their problem. Usually woman were sent away because they had fallen in love with a man her family disapproved. And so they probably felt miserable. Some woman probably felt happy because they wanted to be nunThe lady was treated like that because according to a Greek legend the first woman, Pandora, was the one who opened the forbidden box and caused war and illness to mankind. doctor was probably one of the top ten most important people in the Middle Ages, even though some people don't realize it. During the twelfth century, because of the Black Death, the doctor was probably one of the top five most important people. But, unfortunately they thought the Black Death was caused by a strange gas in the air so nearly a third of the population wiped out

Assignment 3

1. He was a great politician, and possibly a great warrior and planner. 2. He opened schools around the kingdom to teach the uneducated. 3. Scholars copied the writing, for the future generation to view.

Assignment 2

1. The fall of Rome is considered the beginning of the Middle Ages- which would be 476AD. 2. The latin name for Middle Ages is 'medieval'. 3. It is called the darks ages because the great civilizations, Greece had Rome had fallen. The only hope was the belief in Christianity- that they would get a good life in heaven. 4. The muslims were studying and improving Greek works, sub- Saharan Africa, China, India, and others were doing fine. 5. It ended at 1450- it lasted 924 years.

Assignment 1 the barbarians

1. The Dark Ages was a time of confusion, disorder, and bloodshed. The tribes fought each other barbarically. 2. They were Germanic tribes that caused mayhem and destruction. However, they weren't barbarians, and had settled down on homes, and had a civilization. 3. He was a Merovingian King in 481 AD. HE became a Christian after 15 years of the crown. He encouraged his people to become Christians too. It helped in defending Christianity against invading muslims.

Assignment 2

Middle Ages: The period in European history between the ancient time and the Renaissance, dated from A.D. 476 to 1453- a time of violence, bandits, barbarians, and outlaws with feudalism (very bad)

medieval: a Latin word meaning middle ages

Patrick : one of the first missionaries to travel to northern Europe. He took it upon himself to teach people about Christianity.

Monk:Men who were dedicated to their faith (like missionaries). They religious men who lived apart from society in isolated communities.

Monastery: Communities of monks (monasteries)that were built all over Europe in the Middle Ages. Monks who resided in these communities spent their time in prayer, work, and meditation.

Benedict: ASn Italian monk who had became a great help to the history of monasticism. This religion spread across Europe and dominated the religious life of hte middle ages. The purpose of Benedict was to erect a shcool for beginners in the service of the Lord

Charlemagne:A German who spread the Christianity over the Western Europe and conquered many lands out there. Defeated Saxons, one of the barbarians attacks. He was crowned as an emperor Augustus in 800s, by the leader of Roman Church named Pope Leo third.

1. a. How are monks and monasteries related? Monks were missionaries, who traveled to spread Christian teachings. Also, they lived in monasteries, where they spent their time praying and working.

b. Why did missionaries travel to northern Europe? Britain and Ireland and such countries are islands and so it was easier to make them believe in Christianity.

c. Why do you think monks followed such strict rules? Monks believed that following such strict rules will make them good Christians, and that it will please god.

2. a. What is Charlemagne famous for? He is famous for conquering many Western Europe and uniting them- he conquered a huge empire that covers the France nowadays, and a few other big countries.

b. What do you think Charlemagne’s greatest accomplishment was? Why? In my opinion, Charlemagne's greatest accomplishment is making such a big empire, since that kind of set the boundaries to the world nowadays.

3. a. What areas of Europe did the Vikings raid? The Vikings raided Britain, Ireland, and other parts of western Europe.

b. Why were people in Europe so frightened of Viking raids?

The attacks were swift and savage, and Europeans lived in terror of Viking raids. Because Vikings could sail their ships up rivers, their raids weren’t limited to coastal areas. They took human prisoners to sell as slaves.

Summary of Religion: Shinto

Shinto is a religion that is believed in Japan. They have gods (kami- sama) and they do not have a creator. There are 3~4 million people who believe in this religion. There are purification rituals held. It was believed since a long time ago, way back to the feudal times. There are priestesses called mikos who are said to purify the evil and there are monster/ demons called youkai. They hold festivals. There are many throughout the year, and the girls usually wear yukatas and the boys wear hakamas and possibly a gi. There were kitsunes (foxes who can control fire), thought to be mythical creatures, in myths. They also have shrines, where you can pay respects to the kami- sama. They also keep a small shrine for their deceased family members. A good descendant will pay their respects to their ancestors.

Assignment 1

1. The fact that there were a lot of Middle East muslims wasn't really surprising- Islam originated there anyways. The fact that there were many African Islam believers didn't surprise me either- it is very close to the Middle East and the culture must have travelled fast. 2. I was surprised to find that there were so many Muslims in United States of America- I thought most were Christian. Still, there were 6 million people who believe in Allah. Also, the Chinese having 38 million Muslims- it shouldn't be a huge amount on the whole, since China has billions of people, but I thought that they were all believed in Buddha or something like that. 3. Indonesia is ranked highest, with 181 million believers. That is about 88% of the whole Indonesian population. Muslims are said to have visited Indonesians early in the Muslim Era, but they mostly got it from trading. Indonesia was a country that made money by trading, and most of their biggest traders had adopted Islam, and either out of benefits or loyalty, Islam was adopted in Indonesia. 4. Trading routes must have helped a lot. The middle east is known for some good materials, and people could have gotten the religion through trading routes, decided it was good, and kept it.

Gallery Questions 1. In what way are the Muslims you see in the photo gallery different? The muslims are doing different thing and has different expressions- some are happily shopping, some watching the television in a bored way, and such. They are wearing different clothing as well- some in traditional clothes, and others in t- shirts and jeans.

2. What do you think accounts for these differences? The culture they are living in, the place they are living in matters. For example, it seems like the children in the cart are in America, in a mall, and that the people in Asia wear white hairdresses. People in India don't look the same or dressed the way a Chinese muslim does. It shows that the Muslims are all over the world.



After Caesar died, Brutus and the other murderers expected themselves to become a hero. However, the citizens of Rome had loved Caesar and blamed the murderers for taking Caesar away from them. Antony, Caesar's adopted son (according to some websites) spoke to the public about how Brutus and the others had killed Caesar, and how they needed revenge. It was like egging a mob. Brutus and the others fled when the public and thw soldiers fell on them. They committed suicide just before they were caught. After the incident, Antony claimed the first emperor of Rome and got the name of Octavian.

1. The.....Rubicon River................ was the boundary where a general had to disband his army before returning to Rome. 2. Pompey didn't stay in Rome to fight Caesar because...........he only had two legions and Caesar had eleven............... . 3. Rome was abandoned in......50.......... B.C. 4. Caesar wanted the money from the Senate for ......the civil war................... . 5. Caesar got the money from the Senate by ........breaking into the treasury...................... . 6. After defeating Pompey in ..........48BC.............., Caesar returned to Rome and made himself .........dictator forever.................. . 7. Pompey fled to .......Egypt...................and was ............murdered..................... 8. Caesar stayed in power for ..........four........... years. 9. Caesar was killed on.........March 15th............by ..............Brutus and a bunch of other senators...................... . 10. The .........assassination......... of ...........Julius Ceasar..............has become the name of his assassination.

Use Website #1 for these questions 1. How was Spartacus able to gather so many followers after he escaped? Spartacus and the other gladiators defeated 9000 soldiers on their own Spartacus was a legend. They thought Spartacus would keep them safe. 2. Why would the wealthy people of Rome be scared of this slave revolt? The slaves worked for free. The wealthy people on Rome depended on slaves to keep their luxurious lifestyle. If the slaves, 1/3 of the population, went out, their lives would not be so good anymore. 3. How long was the battle between Rome and the slaves? It lasted two years. 4. What finally happened to Spartacus? Rome caught him and he was killed.

Use website #2 for these questions 5. What were some important positions held by Caesar? He was the consul, the tribune, high commander of the army, and high priest. 6. What problems in the Roman Republic did Caesar promise to solve? He solved crime problems, tax rates, underfed people, and the jobless. 7. Why were senators worried about Caesar? Caesar was powerful and popular. They thought that he would take over Rome as king. 8. Who supported Caesar? The poor people of Rome, who made up most of the population. What important law did Caesar ignore? He entered Rome with an army and took over the government.

1. Using website #1, list at least three Roman province names that you recognize. Massilia, Brundisium, Dyrrhachium • give the modern name of the Roman provinces that you listed. Marseille, Brindici, Durres Use website #2 to answer these questions: Where are you from and how were the Romans able to conquer you? I’m from Gaul and our tribes were not so organized, so we lost. I got taken as a prisoner. What are two consequences of your defeat? I am taken as a prisoner. If I weren’t I would have been killed in battle. Now I will be sold. On the way back to Rome, some of your friends have died. Why? The journey was long and very tiring. Only the strong can make it. What happens to you in the market? I got sold. The slave-dealer make people call out prices and the highest bid was won. What will you become? What could you have become? Which is better? A gladiator. I could’ve mined, quarried, rowed, or farmed. I am lucky because I don’t have to do harsh jobs. 7. Who is your favorite person on staff? Why? The cook. He gives us food. 8. Which gladiator do you want to be? Why? I’d like to become an essedarius. Since I’m on a horse, I have less chances of being killed. 9. How will the crowd be entertained? It’s fun to see people fight, and the blood hungry Romans will love the fight. They can also win money on it. 10. When can you have a rest? Midday, when criminals will have deathmatches. If you can survive up to then, that is. 11. How do you appeal to the emperor? You raise up one finger. 12. What happens to you? You live if the fight was a draw or if they raise thumbs up, then you will live. If you win you will also live and will be gifted. If you lose and the audience commands you to die, you die and your corpse is dragged off the grounds. In the end, you always end up dying.

Byzantine Empire notes Before the fall of Rome -> Rome splits into Eastern and Western Empires in 330C.E. and Christianity became the official religion. Lasted from 330CE to 1453CE The Roman Empire constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to the east, to the old Greek city of Byzantium. Rome was weakening due to political troubles, barbarian invasions, inflation, and LOCATION. Byzantium was easy to trade and was great for trading. Constantinople thrives, and Rome died. The old western civilization sunk, dragging down the eastern empire with it as well. How did the byzantine empire thrice?: 1. geography- trading easy 2. trade and wealth$.$ 3. political organization 4. checks and balances 5. powerful military 6.religion 7. art and architecture a Gateway between europe and asia tax wealth in the city coins called nomisma- became the standard money through the Mediterranean sales taxes, property taxes, income taxes, etc.