Sabin

1. How did the Church attempt to enhance the quality of life in medieval Europe? -They made it so that each member of a society has a purpose, such as the prayer or defense. 2. Why do you think medieval peasants would support the church? -They wanted to make the church a better place, with everyone being useful. Even peasants thought of as important then. 3. How did the Church bring about an increase in political stability in Europe? -The pope ruled over the souls, and the king ruled over the bodies. The help of the pope, made the king a better person, and more famous. 4. How were a feudal manor and a monastic community similar? -They both required people to be persevering and stable. 5. What were some of the problems and abuses that arose within the medieval Church? -The pope and the king both wanted to rule the country. 6. Did the church provide for greater or less order in medieval society? -It created greater order. Each member was able to have a purpose, fighting between boys became not allowed, and created peace. 7. Could a bishop or abbot be a feudal lord as well? -A bishop or abbot was not allowed to be a feudal lord. 8. Read the documents in this packet and answer the questions that accompany them. (A) What is the view of medieval society in this document? -Every member has a purpose in the medieval society. (B) According to this document, what is the deadliest of sins? -The deadliest of sins is greed. (C) Why does Pope Innocence 3 believe that the church has more power than kings and other secular rulers? -The power of the king comes from the pope. (D) Why did the Church need protection here in the 11c? -The world is currently in an evil state. (E) What did they fear could happen if they became part of the feudal system? -They will be able to do nothing if they became part of the feudal system, even in times of war. (F) Why did the religious life have such a great appeal at this time in history? -People wanted to decide whether others are from god. God made everyone. (G) Were there materialistic as well as spiritual reasons for entering a monastery? -No, there were no materialistic reasons. (H) What are Benedict's reasons for not allowing a monk to change his mind and leave the cloister once vows have been taken? -Everyone has to commit to god. (Skip questions to document 6 because it is hard to see the diagram) (I) How would you describe life in a medieval society? -Most time is spent for church services. (J) How is the summer schedule different from the winter one? -The monk sleeps more in the winter. (K) What are the results of being excommunicated from the Catholic church? -They would be criticized, and would be accursed. (L) How were personal freedoms limited by church doctrine and outlook? -There would be consequences for doing some actions, especially bad ones. 9. Why do you think that the European Middle Ages is known as the "Age of Faith?" -Everyone trusted the king and pope to take care of the country. Vocabulary Sacraments-A religious ceremony or act of the Christian Church Canon law-Law that is laid down in the Roman Catholic Church Monastery-A community of monks and nuns living under religious vows Monk-A member of the religious community that is a man Abbot-The leader of the abbey of monks Nun-A member of the religious community that is a woman Convent-A Christian community under monastic vows Benedictine Rule-Monastic legislative code written by Saint Benedict (Eliminate your will) Law of Primogeniture-Law that states that the oldest child has the right to succeed to the estate of an ancestor Simony-The buying and selling of ecclesiastical privileges Tithe-One tenth of annual produce, taken as a tax for the church Peter's pence-One penny per household paid in medieval England Age of Faith-Another name for the Middle Ages**
 * Middle Ages Assignment #9

The Middle Ages was a very miserable time. Many children died before they reached adolescence. Monasteries were very important in the Middle Ages. Saint Benedict was a very important figure. He was a very important monk. Benedict started to live at the Italian countryside. People in the monasteries were usually very wealthy. People had to submit to the authority in the monastery.
 * Monks and monasteries

Vikings The Vikings came with the North Sea, and from Scandinavia. They were very violent and courageous. They found a burial ship at 1880 in Norway. The weather wasn't that good. The fight got worse because the population of the Vikings continuously increased. The Viking longship was also created.**

Food Cooks were required to taste the meat for the king. The food consisted of cattle, sheep, fruits, vegetables, olive oil, and herbs. A banquet was made up of six courses, and everyone was allowed to eat. They used spoons, knifes, and something called trenchers, which is a hard bread that soaked up the blood and liquids from meat. Meat was preserved by smoking or drying it, and fruits and vegetables were pickled. Castles sometimes kept honey bees, which produced honey. Honey was used to sweeten drinks and foods.** Knights used many weapons, but their favorite was the sword. There were many types of swords, such as the great sword and the shining sword. Another weapon was the ax, and axes were liked by the Vikings. Some types of axes were the pole ax and the battle ax. Another weapon was the dagger, and it was used as a back up sword. They also used bows and arrows, and also a special type of weapon called a lance. Clothing Royal people wore silk robes and damask gowns. If the weather was cold, they wore trousers, tunics, or shawls. Shawls were made of wool or fur. The color of the clothes was usually blue, red, gray, or brown. The wealthy people had tailors making clothes for them, and tailors used burnet, perse, scarlet, kersey, russet, chalons, damask, and sandal to make the clothes. Kings and queens wore crowns. Shoemakers and their husband or wife wore a borealis hat. Friars wore cloaks, and lords wore felt hats with stirrups and brown jackets.**
 * Middle Ages Assignment #6
 * Weapons

Feudal System (Feudalism): System of exchanging land for service**
 * Feudalism Powerpoint Notes**
 * (The feudal and manorial system)**
 * -Required people to perform certain duties and obligations**
 * Manor: Piece of property**
 * Knights were paid for their services with land**
 * Fief: Land given to knight for service**
 * Vassal: Anyone accepting fief**
 * Lord: Person from whom he accepted fief (Vassal to the king)
 * Lord, vassals in feudal system had duties to fulfill one another**
 * Knight’s chief duty as vassal to provide military service to his lord**
 * Fealty: Had to promise to remain loyal, promise called oath of fealty**
 * Person could be both lord and vassal**
 * One knight could serve many lords (This created many levels of obligations)**
 * Very social and political system**
 * Manorial system: Built around large estates (Practiced medieval economics)**
 * Typical manor agriculture.**
 * Benefits of manorial system-Lord gave land to peasant, but peasant worked for lord**
 * Castles were built were built for defense, not comfort**
 * Few windows, stuffy in summer**
 * Village family lived in a small one-room house, roof made of straw, floor of dirt, and furniture made of rough wood, holes in the walls served as windows**
 * Peasant family cooked in open fire**
 * No chimneys**
 * Men worked in fields**


 * Medieval Knights Writing Recipe

Sir Sabin the Great was a very brave and dangerous knight. He was scared by all people at all times, especially at battle. However, he is not happy about the fact that he is not the strongest in the world. Sir Sabin the Great was located at France, and planned how to fight. He sometimes even practiced fighting, especially when it was before battle. He had fearless eyes, which made everyone scared to ask him. His eyes were very large and brown as well, which sort of was scary too. Sir Sabin the Great has a very rough, loud voice. He speaks very quickly, because he is very busy. He is very tall and muscular, and healthy, and therefore, does not get defeated easily. He wears a tunic and carries an armor around with him. He also carries a dagger, an ax, a war sword, and a zweihander around with him. Although he has to carry this many things, he is never tired. He is very proud that he is a knight, and is never relaxed, because he is always busy doing something. Sir Sabin the Great's interests vary, from hunting to literature. However, he enjoys hunting the most, because he enjoys seeing dead animals.**

__**Assignment 1 - The Barbarians**__

//- No, the barbarian tribes all want their own land and want to conquer more.//
 * 1. Since these barbarian tribes were in the "Dark Ages", do you think they were friendly towards each other? Why or why not?

2. One of the tribes we didn't study was called the Merovingians. Who were the Merovingians? (Use source 1 to answer this question.) //- The Merovingians were the largest settled barbarian tribe in Europe. They lasted from A.D. 400 to A.D. 700.//

3. Who was Clovis and why was his conversion to Christianity important in history? (Use source 2) //- Clovis was a Merovingian king that took the throne after fifteen years of fighting. His conversion to Christianity caused him to try to convert others to Christianity. This conversion would be critical when fighting against the Muslims.//**

__**Assignment 2 - The Dark Ages**__

//- The beginning of the Middle Ages is marked by the fall of Rome, at around A.D. 476. The fall was also known as the end of the ancient world.//
 * 1. What is considered the beginning of the Middle Ages?

2. What is the Latin name for the Middle Ages? //- The Latin name for the Middle Ages is 'Medieval.'//

3. Why do you think the Middle Ages are often called the "Dark Ages"? What was the only hope for people during these difficult times? //- Due to the falling of the Roman and Greek civilizations, there wasn't much advancement or innovation in technology. Most people were uneducated, roads were abandoned, and times were technically not advancing. Christianity was the only hope for the people.//

4. While Europe was in the "Dark Ages", what was happening in the rest of the world? //- The Muslims in northern Africa and Europe studied and improved already known knowledge by the Greeks and Romans.//

5. How long did the "Dark Ages" last and what year did they end? //- The 'Dark Ages' lasted for around 1000 years. It ended at about A.D. 1450.//

6. What does Renaissance mean and what happened during this time? //- During the Renaissance period, many innovations were made, literature spread, and it was a 'rebirth' of the european world. Art also spread and we know some of these works of art today.//**

__**Assignment 3 - The Franks**__

//- The kingdom doubled in size and Charlemagne conquered many areas such as France, Germany, Spain, and Italy.//
 * 1. How did Charlemagne and the Franks turn their kingdom into an empire?

2. What did Charlemagne do to educate people? //- Charlemagne opened up schools throughout Europe.//

3. How and why did Charlemagne preserve ancient texts? //- Charlemagne gathered the brightest scholars and copied texts and records for future generations. These texts came from the Romans and previous empires.//**

 A. Vocabulary Middle Ages: Time that started at 1100, when the Roman Empire fell, until 1453, which is the fall of Constantinople. Medieval: Relating to the Middle Ages Patrick: One of the first missionaries to travel to Northern Europe, and taught people about Christianity. He traveled alone from Britain to Ireland to convert their religion. Monks: Males that devoted their lives to god (Females were called nuns) Monasteries: A community of people, especially nuns and monks, living under religious promises Benedict: Italian monk, who created a set up a set of rules in the early 500s Charlemagne: A brilliant warrior and strong king that lead the Franks in building a huge empire. Spent most of his time at war. B. Main Ideas** -A community of monks was a monastery. Monks had to follow rules that made them live as good Christians. Why did missionaries travel to northern Europe? -The pope sent missionaries to teach the northern kingdom about Christianity. Why do you think monks followed such strict rules? -They wanted more people to be Christian, so they had to properly demonstrate it, 2. What is Charlemagne famous for? -He was a brilliant warrior and strong king and lead the Franks in building a huge empire. What do you think Charlemagne's greatest accomplishment was? Why? -I think it is conquering a lot of land, because it is difficult to conquer all of France. 3. What areas of Europe did the Vikings raid? -They raided Britain, Ireland, and other parts of Western Europe. Why were people in Europe so frightened of Viking raids? -They located towns and monasteries, and sold prisoners as slaves. The attacks were very swift. 4. (On graphic organizer, I will do it separately on the paper you gave us) 5. I would hire knights to spread Christianity and to take over more land.**
 * Middle Ages Vocabulary and Main Ideas
 * 1. How are monks and monasteries related?

Deism Deism is a religion that became popular in the 17th and 18th centuries, or in a time called the Age of Enlightenment. Most Deists live in the United Kingdom, France, and the United States. Many Deists were not Deists at first. They found it difficult to believe in their original religion. Therefore, they decided to be Deists. An example of this would be Christianity.** **Some Christians** Deists do not speak to god. Deists reject all books that talk about the words of god. This would include Christianity's Bible, and Islam's Qur'An. Deism also rejects religious mysteries. Also, as I stated before, Deists reject Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. Deism believes that god did not exist and did not govern the universe, god does not want all humans to behave morally, and also that there is no afterlife. There were many people that wrote about Deism. Deism was founded by Lord Herbert of Cherbury. His book "De Veritate" included his first statement about Deism. John Locke, another person, wrote "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding", which changed Deism a lot. Matthew Tindal wrote "Christianity as Old as the Creation". This book started controversies about Deism. David Hume wrote "The Natural History of Religion" at 1757. Just like any other religion, Deism has many sects such as monodeism, polydeism, pandeism, panendeism, spiritual deism, process deism, Christian deism, scientific deism, and humanistic deism.**
 * Comparing World Religions Summary
 * find it hard to believe in the power of Jesus Christ, who was born at Jerusalem.

1. What are somethings that didn't surprise you about the information on the map? -One of the things that didn't surprise me is that there are lots of Muslims in Africa. 2. Which areas/countries of the world are you surprised have a large Muslim population? -I was surprised that there are a lot of Muslims in North Carolina, China, India, and Turkey. 3. Which country has the highest Muslim population? Why do you think this country has the highest population? -Indonesia has the highest Muslim population. I think this is because Indonesians believe that Allah is a really good god to believe, and also because it is a very detailed, and stable religion. 4. Why do you think Islam is spread out so much? -Islam has different sects such as the Sunni, Shia, and Sufi. More and more people are starting to think that Islam is a good religion to believe in.**
 * Islam Assignment 1


 * Islam** **Photo Gallery Responses

1. Some people have turbans on their heads while others do not.

2. I believe that this is because some of the Muslims are children and others are adults. Some are women, while others are men. Some Muslims believe more in Allah than others. Some of these people might have another religion other than Islam. All of these people are in different places.**

330 B.C.-Rome split into Eastern and Western Empires, Christianity becomes official religion Fall of Rome lasts 1000 years Origins of Byzantine- Constantine moves capital of Roman Empire to Byzantine Rebuilds old Greek community and names it Constantinople Weakening- Political troubles, barbarian invasions, inflation, location (far away from its provinces) Constantinople- Easy to defend and great for trade Western half of Rome sinks- Byzantine and Constantinople thrives Western half is threatening Constantinople down Byzantium thrived: Trade, Industry, Sales tax, Property Tax, Income Tax Political: Emperor, Eastern Orthodox Church Emperor was the most powerful person in the Empire, he determined taxes Checks and Balances- System of government where nobody can get too strong (Three branches-Senate, Army, Citizens) Voted successors, or throw out an emperor out of office Had the strongest military in Europe Navy- Had a special fire called Greek Fire**
 * Byzantium Empire Notes



Assignment #5 Assignment 5

Using website #1

1. Using website #1, list at least three Roman province names that you recognize.

I know number 13, 25, and 3. give the modern name of the Roman provinces that you listed.

Number 13 is Italy, number 25 is Greece, and number 3 is Spain.

Use website #2 to answer these questions: Where are you from and how were the Romans able to conquer you?

I am from the Roman province of Gallia. They invaded 100 years ago. What are two consequences of your defeat?

I will be sold as a slave or I will be sent to work in the mines. On the way back to Rome, some of your friends have died. Why?

Hunger, diseases, and beatings madd my friends to die. What happens to you in the market?

The slave dealer sells me in the slave market. He sells it to the person that is willing to pay the most money. What will you become? What could you have become? Which is better?

I will become a gladiator, and will be trained to fight. I could have become a slave. I would rather be a slave, because I don’t enjoy fighting. Who is your favorite person on staff? Why?

I like the accountant because he pays the staff. Which gladiator do you want to be? Why?

I like Essedarius because he is on a horse-drawn chariot.

How will the crowd be entertained?

The crowd will be entertained when I fight with other gladiators. When can you have a rest?

I can have a rest when I am alive until midday when I watch pairs of criminals dying. How do you appeal to the emperor?

I will raise one finger on my left hand. What happens to you?

I lose and my body is dragged from the arena.


 * Assignment No.7**
 * 1. The Rubicon River was the boundary where a general had to disband his army before returning to Rome.**
 * 2. Pompey didn’t stay in Rome to fight Caesar because of the fact that he had less lesions compared to him.**
 * 3. Rome was abandoned in 49 B.C.**
 * 4. Caesar wanted the army from the Senate for feeding his army, and in order to defeat Pompey.**
 * 5. Caesar got the money from the Senate by using his army’s force.**
 * 6. After defeating Pompey in Pharsalus, Caesar returned to Rome and made himself a dictator.**
 * 7. Pompey fled to Egypt and was murdered there.**
 * 8. Caesar stayed in power for 27 years.**
 * 9. Caesar was killed on March 15th, 44 B.C., by his alleys and senators.**
 * 10. The “Ides of March” became the name of his assassination.**


 * Assignment No.10**

1. In what ways did the culture of the Huns differ from that of the Romans? 2. How did the way of life of the Huns give them an advantage against Rome? How was it a disadvantage? 3. Why did the "barbarians" move into the Roman Empire? 4. What routes did these invaders take? 5. How were they treated by the Romans when they began moving into the Empire? 6. Why was Attila so feared? 7. Why were the eastern provinces of the Roman Empire initially untouched by barbarian invasions in the 4c and 5c C.E.?
 * -The Huns were nomads while the Romans settled in one place. The Huns were very strong and they were huge. This is not true of the Romans. **
 * -The Huns never had a person who could remain on his horse day and night. The Romans could come anytime and attack, which became a disadvantage for the Huns because they never could figure out when the Romans would attack. **
 * -The Germanic people fled from the Huns and sought refuge in the Roman Empire. **
 * -They went across the Rhine River when it froze. **
 * -The invaders just started to siege and attack Rome and Rome failed. **
 * -Attila was feared because he thought that the Huns would attack the Romans. **
 * -The eastern half, or the Byzantine Empire, preserved the Greek and Roman culture for a long time afterwords as well. **