Johnathan

1)a) He found the American Anti-Slavery Society. He also published an abolitionist, people who want complete end to slavery, newspaper called the Liberator. b) Many African American former slaves were active in the anti-slavery cause. Men such as Fredrick Douglass escaped from slavery and gave regular lectures to people. He also published the 'North Star', an abolitionist newspaper. 2)a) The organization was not an actual railroad but was a network of people who arranged transportation and hiding places for fugitives, or escaped slaves. b) Harriet Tubman escaped from slavery and her family. She promised to return to her family and lead them North to freedom. She returned to South 19 times, successfully rescuing her family and other 300 slaves. c) I think the Underground Railroad was utterly successful considering the fact that most of the times, the strategy never was discovered and were able to rescue more than 300 slaves from slavery. 3)a) The Congress ignored antislavery petitions and used what was called a gag rule to block abolitionists. b) Some Americans oppose equality for African Americans because they needed slaves. Without slaves, there business might fail. c) Debate over slavery might open up a conflict considering the fact that many people either opposed or agreed abolishing slavery. They will have a conflict over whether to abolish slavery, or not to.

HOW DOES THE CIVIL WAR END? READ 536- 543 AND ANSWER QUESTIONS1-4 (ab). 

1) a) The saiga 12 factory was a factory that created saiga 12. saiga 12 was a shotgun that fired shot rounds in a steady stream. this shotgun was very effective, even at long range, and also was used as secondary sniper rifles for sniper. the SROF (special russian operations force) uses this weaponery to take out hostile forces inside the buildings. their assault is very accurate and powerful, and can rescue the hostages in less than 17 seconds. they first use snipers to take out enemys in sight. Why they do this is to kill any enemy that might interrupt the breaching.

Lee's trusted general, Stonewall Jackson was accidentally shot down by his own troops and died a few days later because of the wound. b) The reason why the Union lost the battle of Chancellorsville was because the Union army wasn't prepared for Confederate attack.

2) a) Gettysburg Address was a speech given by Abraham Lincoln in which he praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the civil war. b) The geography played an important role in the battle of Gettysburg. The Union army had a strong defensive positions, while confederates decided just to attack. The Union forces fought for the control of Little Round Top. Eventually, Union forces drove the Confederates from the Little Round Top and managed to set up defensive positions.

__//Why did Jefferson want to explore the West? //__
Jefferson wanted to explore the west because of several reasons. The people back then had never explored the west before. There were nothing faster than horses. And there was the land. The Virginia planters and other farmers, including people, always wanted more land. Even if they already had acres and acres of land, they still wanted more and more land. They were always dreaming of land. So first of all, they wanted land. There was another reason why they wanted to explore the west. Jefferson had a mind that encompassed the continent and he envisioned the creation of a great nation that would stretch from sea to sea, that would be bound together by a political concept, not by geography.

__//Why was Lewis an ideal leader for the Corps of Discovery? //__
Lewis is the most fascinating member of the expedition, as a leader. But he always fought with emotional powers. Lewis was Thomas Jefferson's right hand. He was always mannered with people, even with Indians, a military manner, but less ease than you see with Clark. Lewis was very fond with Jefferson, and was the cool guy, thus fitting well with the leader for the Corps of Discovery

__//What kind of man was William Clark? //__
William Clark was a strong man. He was the man who you can rely on. Clark was the person Lewis could trust, thus choosing him as the co-captain of the expedition. He also had a talent for mapmaking, which would've have served useful during the expedition.

 __//Who was Sacagawea, and how did she aid the expedition? //__
Sacagawea was a young Indian women, age of 14, and was pregnant. She had a husband, person who won her in a gamble. Sacagewea helped aid the expedition by using her skills in translation. She was the one who could read the landscapes well. She had sense of what could be eaten during the journey. She was very talented at looking for food.

Life for York during the expedition was facinating. York always had something to do. He was a great dancer, and he was a great athelete. He devoted to William Clark. Indian womens liked him, and he took full advantage. The Indians were very surprised by a person with black skin, and there is a famous drawing of Mandan chief trying to rub the blackness out of York. 

__// How did Lewis and Clark deal with the Indians they encountered? //__
Everytime they encountered an Indian tribe, they had three things to do. They wanted to find about them for Jefferson. They wanted to establish trade relations because that’s gonna be part of an empire for the United States. And they wanted to say, “You are now part of the United States."

__// What kinds of animals did Lewis and Clark discover? //__
There were hundreds and hundreds of prairie dogs. They couldn't believe the lifestyle of prairie dogs. They pulled up gallons and gallons of water and poured them in the prairie dog holes just to make them come out. Then there were mosquitos. Thousand groups of mosquitos attacking them. They constantly moved their camp to a windy place because they thought it will blow away the mosquitos. They also found grizzly bears. The grizzly bears were reffered to the Indians as ferocious animals and monsters. They were also amused by buffalos. One day they were exploring like they did than they found herds of buffalo. They found buffalo enough to shake the ground.

 __// What are some of the lesser known stories of the expedition? //__
Whiskeys were important to the explorers. like The men needed whiskey to survive the trip, so they calculated how much they should drink a day and started mixing water with the whiskey to make it last longer. Stealing whiskey was a big crime, considering a man who steals the whiskey gets a hundred lashes. Every person in the expedition had something named after them. Lewis's dog had something named after it; it was Lewis's favored dog. They never ate it, the dog was spared.

__// What is the larger historical significance of the expedition? //__
This expedition contained everything. it contained adventure, which was going to the west, there was science, finding new plants and animals and such, and there was geography: the landscape, the trees, etc. this expedition contained everything. Thats why it's so significant. These people helped US to expand.

Pg 522-525
1) a) Ulysses S. Grant was liked by President Lincoln. He did many achievements to the West battlefields. The western campaign mainly focused on taking over the Mississippi river. The strategy was to cut off the eastern part of the Confederacy from sources of food production in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. Grant won the Battle of Shiloh. b) Battle of Shiloh was important because the Union army gained greater control of the Mississippi river alley. c) I think Lincoln accepted the assault to the west because he believed that winning the battles on the west could end the war. 2) a) The Union soldiers lead by General David Farragut was prepared to blast its way upriver to meet him. Their first obstacle was the port of New Orleans. There were two forts that guided the entrance of New Orleans. Impossible to destroy the forts, Farragut decided to make a daring dash. He covered the ships with mud and trees to make them hard to see, and with no ship severely damaged, they made it to New Orleans. b) Farragut and Grant decided to starve the city to surrender. They cut off the ports and shelled repeatedly. As food ran out, the people of Vicksburg ate horses, dogs, and rats and survived. c) The possible results of the Union victory at Vicksburg might lower the Confederate Force's will to fight and the belief that they would win.

b)The Union had rail system that could transport troops and equipments to different places. Confederate had only 9,000 miles of track. Also, the Union had money and people to recruit from.
====c)The Confederate was very much prepared for war. They had built forts while the Union had forts aiming at the sea, not the lands. But the Union had much more resources, thus, winning against the Confederate.====

Pg 521
====1. a)The battle of Bull Run, the first major battle of the civil war, came up as the Confederate's victory. The Seven Day's Battle was also a confederate victory, shattering the north's hope to win the war. The Second Battle of Bull Run also was Confederate soldier victory.====

2. a)The confederate forces made a terrible mistake of dividing their army into two, and not saving any reserves.
b)The Battle of Antietam made both sides suffer from enormous amount of casualties. But it stopped General Robert E. Lee's army from advancing up northward. c)I believe the Union General E. McClellan did not intend to attack the Confederate army when he had the chance because he feared having more casualties. 3. a)The Union's strategy was to block off all the sea trading of the south and making south suffer from the lack of resources. The ships entering the south reduced from 6000 to 800 per year. b)Ironclads were ships heavily armored with iron, protecting the ship from incoming shells. The ironclads were very efficient in sea battles. Most other ships were made of wood, giving advantage for the Ironclads.

The Missouri Compromise was an agreement passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories. The act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or especially a political entity. The Compromise of 1850 was a series of bills aimed at resolving the territorial and slavery controversies arisen from the Mexican-American War (1846–1848). Laws to provide for the return of slaves who escaped from one state into another or into a public territory. An anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe. Novel had a profound effect on attitudes toward African Americans and slavery in the United States. A secret document written in 1854 by U.S. diplomats at Ostend, Belgium, describing a plan to acquire Cuba from Spain. Act that created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opened new lands, repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and allowed settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries. a decision by the United States Supreme Court that ruled that people of African descent imported into the United States and held as slaves, or their descendants—whether or not they were slaves—were not legal persons and could never be citizens of the United States. Was an attempt by white abolitionist John Brown to start an armed slave revolt by seizing a United States Arsenal at Harpers Ferry in Virginia in 1859. President Lincoln is elected as president and devoted his life to end war and slavery.
 * //__Homework 5/7__//**
 * **Missouri Compromise**
 * **secession**
 * **Compromise of 1850**
 * **Fugitive Slave Law**
 * **Uncle Tom's Cabin**
 * **Ostend Manifesto**
 * **Kansas Nebraska Act**
 * **Dred Scott Case**
 * **John Brown's Raid**
 * **Election of 1860**

There were some Similarities and Differences between the explorers. The explorers wanted to find a new land for them to settle in. They also wanted to get helps from the king or the queen. They were all rude to the natives, and made them do labors. The explorers wanted the riches really bad. The explorers all loved adventures. The explorers all had advanced weapons.
 * Write an answer to the following question: Besides searching for riches,a shorter route to Asia,and converting Natives,what similarities and differences did the exploreres have?Name two similarities and two differences.(Compare and contrast)**

2. Identify the factors that led to the Boston Massacre & the Boston Tea Party. What message did both of these events send to the British government? 3. How did the trial of British soldiers in the colonies demonstrate once again the significance of the colonial courts?**
 * 1. Why did the British believe it was necessary to raise taxes on the American colonists?

1. The British needed money for their troops. The troops needed food, tools, and payment. Then the British wanted money for themselves. 2. The factors that led to the events was the increase of taxes, and unfair courts. these sent warning to the British government.3. The courts take the stronger side, not the weaker ones. The british was strong, so the court went easy on the soldiers.