Stella

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 * 12. George McClellan- ** The first Union Chief of Army, was too cautious and paranoid about imaginary Confederate forces which made him lose several battles ** 13. Robert E. Lee- ** Chief of Army for the Confederacy, was a good, bold general that won many victories until the tide turned against his favor.======

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17. ** Wilderness Campaign -** a series of battles launched by the Union army led by the newly appointed Grant aimed at capturing Richmond, Virginia. Grant failed to achieve any progress before Lincoln's reelection, however, leaving it up to Sherman to take Atlanta and bolster Lincoln's reputation and popularity.======

Social Studies HOMEWORK [05/27/2009]

SOCIAL STUDIES HOMEWORK [05/20/2009]
1. a. What does Reconstruction mean? : It is a plan to bringing the former confederate states(southern slave states back into the union). b. What was Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction? : Lincoln proposed 10% plan, official pardon for illegal acts against rebellion, and southerners had to wear an oath to the United States and they had to agree that slavery was not constitutional. If this was voted by 10% of the southern states, then they could form a new government. 2. a. What is the 13th amendment? : 13th amendment made slavery illegal throughout the United States.(december 18th, 1865) b. In your opinion, what was the most important accomplishment of the Freedmen's Bureau? : Freemen Bureau used over their limited accessible money to support the freed slaves and poor in their education as well as providing them with food and shelter. This is the most important accomplishment because it spread out education throughout southern states for better life and treatment. 3. a. Why was president Lincoln killed? : Some of the southerners opposed Lincoln's non-slavery policy.So they thought slaves shouldn't be equal to the whites. Their resolution was to kill Lincoln. Therefore, eliminating Lincoln's non-slavery policy. b. Why did some Americans oppose President Johnson's Reconstruction plan? : As a Democrat, Andrew Johnson reinstated former southern slave states leaders. Therefore, his plan did not match to Lincoln's plan to make southern states a free slave state.

**//SOCIAL STUDIES HOMEWORK//**
 * Missouri Compromise : Missouri Compromise was an agreement which divided slavery and non-slavery areas in US.
 * secession : Secession is the act of withdrawing from an organization.
 * Compromise of 1850 : This compromise is when California became a free state and entered the union.
 * Fugitive Slave Law : This law made it illegal to help slaves to runaway and catch those runaway slaves even in non-slavery areas.
 * Uncle Tom's Cabin : Uncle Tom's Cabin is an anti-slavery novel that Harriet Beecher wrote.
 * Ostend Manifesto : It was a document written secretly about plan to acquire Cuba from Spain. US diplomats wrote this in 1854 at Ostend.
 * Kansas Nebraska Act : In 1854, this act divided the leftover of Louisiana Purchase into Kansas and Nebraska. Also, it allowed people to decide if they will have slavery or not.
 * Dred Scott Case : Dred Scott sued for his freedom with Dred vs. Sanford case. No one knows exactly when he was born. His case was based on the fact that he and his wife Harriet Scott were slaves, but had lived non-slavery areas. The Supreme Court ruled seven to two against Scott, finding that neither he could claim citizenship in US and that therefore Scott could not bring suit in federal court under diversity of citizenship rules.
 * John Brown's Raid : John Brown, the northerner, disliked slavery so he killed slave owners. He took over the arsenal in Harpers Ferry to extend slavery to the west. Finally, the judge orders John Brown to be hanged. However, northerners thought he was a hero.
 * Election of 1860 : This election set the stage for American Civil War. The nation had been divided by slavery. In 1860, this issue finally came to a head, fracturing the formerly dominant Democratic Republican into Southern and Northern factions and bringing Lincoln and the Republican party to power without the support of a single Southern state.

=Main Ideas=
 * Research the following main ideas using the resources provided to you below. Record your information in your student page

1. Analyze the significance of the State's Rights Doctrine, the Missouri Compromise (1820), the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), the Dred Scott Decision (1857), and the election of Abraham Lincoln (1860). :**a. State's Rights Doctrine : The significance was that it made the idea of protecting the rights of states in US Constitution more stronger and clearer. b. Missouri Compromise : This was significant because it decided if the area will allow slavery or not and it led to violent events and moreover relates to the Civil War. c. Compromise of 1850 : The significance was that it postponed the Civil War to happen and the dispute of people between slavery or non-slavery(free states or slave states). d. Kansas-Nebraska Act : It was important because this divided the Whig into northern(no slavery) and southern(slavery) branches. e. Dred Scott Decision : This made US to move to the brink of Civil War so it was crucial. f. Election of Abraham Lincoln : He is important because he made the step to the Civil War and helped to combine the divided nations, because of slavery, into better relations.


 * 2. Discuss the importance of the slavery issue as raised by the annexation of Texas and California's admission to the union as a free state under the Compromise of 1850.** : In US, South was arguing to continue slavery and North was wanting people to stop slavery. The Compromise of 1850 was made to calm down these fights between north and south. As a conclusion, only Texas and California became the free state and others became slave states. Moreover, this compromise postponed the Civil War because the Civil War is caused by disputes between north and south about the slavery issue.


 * President notes (1~13th ^3^) **

1.George Washington (1789-1797) - Federalist - called Mr. President -> presence - wife Martha - no children - action hero - wouldn't shake hands - great dancer - excellent delegator - best cabinet ex) Alexander Hamilton built the national bank system - choose capital. Washington D.C. : Foggy bottom - Neutrality act : France vs. Britain but USA=neutral - Whiskey rebellion : taxation on whiskey - Leaved after 2 terms

2.John Adams (1797-1801) - Federalist - wife Abigail - 4 children - Harvard educated - insecure - spoke with a lisp - poor people skills - XYZ affair : French starts bribing. Adams X war with France - alien and sedition acts - Adams first started the navy

3.Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809) - Democratic Republican - We are all federalists. We are all republicans. - government is best which governs the least - widower-6 children - man of the people - monticello : where he lived - quiet but effective manager : sends written message : X speaker - brilliant and cunning - The press : newspaper play a big role. - Louisiana Purchase : 50 million dollar : bought the land(double of original states) - Louis and Clark : epik journey - 2nd term : feels bad : war England vs France - embargo : not trading

4.James Madison (1809-1817) - Democratic Republican - father of the Constitution - bawdy sense of humor - calm demeanor - intelligent about decisions he made - Dolly Madison : wife - go back to war against Britain (later on) - pushed by events into the war with England - British began urging US ships without permission. - declaration of war against Britain 1812 - treaty of ghant : ends the war - battle on New Orleans

5.James Monroe (1917- 1825) - Democratic Republican - war hero - honest - hands-off manager - patient - wife Elizabeth : 2 children - era of good feelings - hired great people than delegated authority - 1820, Missouri compromise - return slaves to Africa : Monroe's idea

6.John Q. Adams (1825-1829) - Democratic Republican - Massachusetts - wife Louisa - 3 children - humorless - superb mind - arrogant - inflexible manager - got in by kind of ........ cheating ? k - became House of representatives

7.Andrew Jackson ( 1829 - 1837 ) - Democratic Republican - wife Rachel (died) - cantankerous - iron-willed - fighter for the people - intimidating manager - Indian Removal Act 1930 ........ - dynamic character: AGE OF JACKSON - US government was debt free for first/last time

8.Martin Van Buren (1837-1841) - Democratic Republican - ultimate political machine; political organizer - was not good at leading the country - father of the democratic party - poor decision maker - Panic.... bankrupt + economic depression - Panic in 1839; cotton market - William H. Harrison recharged the bank of United States - political parties are getting vicious - campaign of 1840; Harrison & Buren

9.William Henry Harrison (1841) - WHIG party (political party) - last president born a British subject - only pre-med(doctor) presidents - unpretentious - consensus seeker - He studied medicine. - cold March day, he did speech->catches cold->DIES - vice president takes over the place; JOHN TAYLER

10.John Taylor (1841-1845) - WHIG party - house of rep. senate - believed in state rights - federal government has too many power - stubborn. aloof. aristocratic. independent leader - candidate said they will make all decisions -> Taylor asked to cooperate - Whig passed two laws but both was vetoed - After meeting, Whig expelled John Taylor -> president without party - Treaty was rejected but finally passed - wants to capture TEXAS

11.James K. Polk (1845-1849) - Democrat - workaholic - accessible, devious - micro-manager - budgets - wanted to fulfill to - Manifest Destiny : US has destiny to expand west - #1 : Polk wants to figure out who gets the Oregon country -> war with Britain -> 49 Parallel - #2 : Polk wants to bring California -> Mexican American War (1846-1847) - #3 : Polk wants to fix the bank - #4 : Polk wants to lower taxes - Succeeded everything he wanted

Tensions between north and the south as the territory was acquired

12.Zachary Taylor (1849-1850) - Whig - Mexican war hero - Political unknown - Louisiana land holder - slovenly, poor speaker - never registered to vote - relaxed manager - We was strongly influenced by congress & members - he will go along with what the congress decides - Missouri Compromise : under slave / upper free (Missouri slave = Maine free) - Compromise of 1850 : California as a free state. - he died. form of Colera caused Talyor to die

13.Millard Fillmore (1850-1853) - Whig - modest, amiable - avid reader - delegated authority - Northerner - he pleased instead of leading - Fillmore fired members from Taylor - he says whole economy is about cotton field -> wanted slavery - Abolutionist : who wanted X slavery

14.Franklin Pierce 1853-1857 - Democrat - alcoholic - charming, deferential, indecisive manager - Kansas-Nebraska Act

15.James Buchanan 1857-1861 - Democrat - never married - generous, procrastinator, engaging, consensus seeker

16.Abraham Lincoln 1861-1865 - Republican - excellent sense of humor - liked to be photographed - obsessed with military strategy - decisive manager

*** For TEST ! (4/21)**
==**-Concepts : Alien Sedition, Lewis & Clark ***, Louisiana Purchase ***, War of 1812, Monroe Doctrine ***, Political Parties, Andrew Jackson's Presency ==

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Supreme court is the highest judicial court. They take judicial precedence over the whole nation. Moreover, it has the ultimate responsibility for settling disputes and interpreting the meaning of laws.=====

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The Judiciary Act of 1789 is a law that created the Judicial Branch of the federal government. Judicial review is the power of the courts to annul the acts of the executive and legislative power. Moreover, it is an example of separation of powers.=====

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When John Adams lost his reelection, he appointed a midnight federalist judge, Madison before he got replaced by Jafferson. Jafferson, a new president ordered Madison not to send Marbury his Judge appointed letter. Madison appealed to the supreme court saying it was unconstitutional. The significance of the case is that it created the "judicial review". "Judicial review" alowed ability of the Judiciary Branch to declare a law unconstitutional. It gave judicial branch more even power with other branches of government, making them a equal power with executive and legislative.=====



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Brown V. The Board of Education was a case about segregation of school against african americans in America. Brown was denied the education eventhough he qualified in every aspect because he was african american. This case fought the idea of American value "seperate but equal" meaning african americans had to go to different school and can not associate with whites in any matter. Court ruled that segregation of education was unconstitutional and african americans were allowed into white school after this case. However, african americans were stil segregated from other things and treatments were bad.=====

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I do agree with the court decision saying segregation but equal is unconstitutional because placing different race into different facilities and protecting whites against african american was not treating the african american as an equal being as to white americans.=====

Lewis and Clark
1) Why did Thomas Jefferson want the west? = Thomas Jefferson wanted the west of the United States because he was always dreaming to have more land and bigger nation. If he discovers the west and owns all the land over there, it was obvious that United States will be large and powerful. Moreover, Thomas Jefferson wanted to spread his thoughts to the west and make a 'one' big nation.

2) Why was Lewis an ideal leader for the Corps of Discovery? = Meriwether Lewis had great leadership, integrity, and some military minds. Also, he was an extremely credible person. For example, Thomas Jefferson, the president, lived with him in the White House and he was Jefferson's right hand man. Jefferson sent him to west because he believed in Lewis. Therefore, Lewis was an ideal leader because he has leadership, integrity, and credibility.

3) What kind of man was William Clark? = William Clark was able to deal with different people very well and always solved the problems. Also, he was intelligible that he could draw wonderful maps as a cartographer. Some people think Clark had more force than Meriwether Lewis that he could control Lewis.

4) Who was Sacagawea, and how did she aid the expedition? = Sacagawea was important for Lewis and Clark's expedition. She was helpful because he had good map-reading skills. She couldn't help out the expeditions as traveling along them, but reading the map was already an important job.

5) What was life for York, Clark's black slave, during the expedition? = York is Clark's childhood companion who is big, black and athletic. He did all the hard and small tasks during Lewis and Clark's expedition. For example, he protected Clark from getting hurt, hunted and caught games which will be used, and make a camp for Clark. During the travel, York was famous among people and he was able to stay with Clark well because both of them thought each other like a family.

6) How did Lewis and Clark deal with the Indians they encountered? = As they met Indians during expedition, they willed to find out about them for Thomas Jefferson, the president Also, they tried to establish trade relations with Indians because it might be the part of the United States' empire. However, they couldn't understand some of the tribes of those Indians they encountered.

7) What kinds of animals did Lewis and Clark discover? = Prairie dogs which foiled them. Mosquitos bothered them a lot but they couldn't offense against mosquitos, only defense by mosquito netting. Grizzly bear which was one of the ferocious animals. Thousands of buffalos in the plains, enjoying their time.

8) What are some the lesser known stories of expedition? = Lewis and Clark brought whiskey and it ran out. People in the expedition became guilty about the whiskey so they shared the whiskey and ordered some, too. However, it was whiskey from Indian, which is not by permission but stolen. In addition, as Lewis and Clark traveled and discovered new things, they named all of them. They used the expedition members' names, too.

9) What is the larger significance of the expedition? = The significance of the expedition is that even though they did not find a river route across the west to Pacific Ocean, Lewis and Clark learned much about western lands and path across the Rockies. They established valuable contact with many American native groups and collected a tremendous amount of information about western plants and animals.

Launching the Nation - section 2 (assessment)

1.a. Describe What economic problems did new government face? -> United States had national and state debt from Revolutionary War. b. Summarize What compromise did Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison reach regarding payment of state debt? -> Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison compromised on the Hamilton's economic plan to replace the old bonds and to pass a higher tariff on foreign goods and finally to make national bank and national mint in order to stabilize American economy. 2.a. Identify What disagreement did Jefferson and Hamilton had over the central government? -> Jefferson wanted to protect the power of states where he believed that it was the right of the people to rule the country. Hamilton wanted a strong federal government where it would balance the power between the citizens and wealthier citizens. b. Draw Conclusions Hamilton was a New Yorker, while Jefferson was from Virginia. How do you think that affected their views on economy? -> Hamilton was Northerner where Northerners believed in the federal government and Jefferson was Southerner where Southerners believed in the central government. c. Elaborate Do you agree with Hamilton or Jefferson regarding the average citizen's ability to make decisions for the country? -> I agree with Jefferson on people's right to rule the country because founding fathers created this country with the vision of equal liberty. 3.a. Recal l Why did Jefferson oppose the creation of the bank of the United States? -> Hamilton's plan, creating a national bank, gave too much power to federal government and US constitution did not give the congress to create a bank. b. Contrast What is the difference between lose construction and strict construction of the constitution? -> In lose construction, the federal government can take reasonable actions in constitution. And strict construction think that federal government should stick to what the constitution states. c. Elaborate Defend Alexander Hamilton's stance in favor of the creation of a national bank. -> Before Hamilton's plan, US economy was going through a tough time where national and state debts were so high that it was uncontrollable. In this situation, Hamilton's economic plan is a reasonable action where national emergency is greatly reduced and U.S. economy becoming more stable.

=Launching the Nation - section 1 (assessment)=

1.a. **Describe What role did the electoral college play in** George Washington’s **election to the presidency? -> Electoral college is a body of electors who represent the people's vote in choosing the president so they selected Washington unanimously.** b. **<span class="redsubhead2" style="color: rgb(204, 0, 51); font-size: 10pt; font-family: sans-serif;">Summarize What were some of** Martha Washington’s **duties as First Lady? -> Martha Washington entertained guests and attended social events with her husband. She ran the presidential household with style. 2.a. <span class="redsubhead2" style="color: rgb(204, 0, 51); font-size: 10pt; font-family: sans-serif;">Describe What** precedent **did President Washington and Congress establish regarding the executive branch? -> The first of everything in their situation will serve to establish a precedent. And the First Congress created departments in the executive branch for different areas of national policy.** b. **<span class="redsubhead2" style="color: rgb(204, 0, 51); font-size: 10pt; font-family: sans-serif;">Explain What was the purpose of the** Judiciary Act of 1789**? -> Judiciary Act of 1789 created three levels of federal courts and defined their powers and relationship to the state courts.** c. **<span class="redsubhead2" style="color: rgb(204, 0, 51); font-size: 10pt; font-family: sans-serif;">Evaluate What do you think was the most important element of the Judiciary Act of 1789? Why? -> I think the levels were the most important element because it was the main thing about the Judiciary Act of 1789. 3.**a. **<span class="redsubhead2" style="color: rgb(204, 0, 51); font-size: 10pt; font-family: sans-serif;">Recall What city served as the first capital of the United States? Why? -> New York City was the first capital of the United States because it had populations more than 25,000 while other cities were small and rural.** b. **<span class="redsubhead2" style="color: rgb(204, 0, 51); font-size: 10pt; font-family: sans-serif;">Draw Conclusions What expectations did most Americans have for the new nation? -> Americans want the new nation to grow stronger and have a bustling economy with active international trades. Also, they expected US to get rid of some British rules that were still remaining.** c. **<span class="redsubhead2" style="color: rgb(204, 0, 51); font-size: 10pt; font-family: sans-serif;">Make Judgments Do you think New York City should still be the capital city of the United States? Explain your answer. -> No. Nowadays many cities more than New York City have grown so I think there is no reason for New York City to be a capital. Also, other cities should be active and growing rather than New York City getting bigger by itself.**
 * 4.** || <span class="redsubhead2" style="color: rgb(204, 0, 51); font-size: 10pt; font-family: sans-serif;">Comparing Review your notes on George Washington. Then fill in the interactive graphic organizer to compare how Washington and Congress organized the new government.

WASHINGTON'S DECISION - met with department heads or cabinet members - nominated candidates for federal judgeships - picked secretaries different areas of national policy.

CONGRESS'S DECISION - created departments in the executive branch for different areas of national policy - passed Judiciary Act of 1789 ||