Sarah

1. Fort Sumter: Lincoln decides to go to war 2. 3 Events that lead to war: Election of 1860, Uncle Tom's Cabin, Slavery, Dred Scott Decision 3. Secession: Withdrawal from Union 4. First Bull Run: Confederate victory 5. Stonewall Jackson: Hero of Confederates 6. General McCellan: too hesitant when in war 7. Robert E. Lee: Great general (Confederate) 8. 7 Days of Battle: Confederate victory 9. Ironclads: war ships, made of iron 10. Anaconda Plan: wanted to stranglehold the south, rail-lines were cut 11. Vicksburg: Union victory 12. Ulysses S. Grant: Union General 13. Wilderness Campaign: Grant takes Virginia, beats Lee 14. Appomattox: where Lee had surrendered to Grant. 15. Sherman: Union General who killed everything in his path 16. Booth: killed Lincoln after kidnapping plan failed 17. Picket's Charge 18. Gettysburg Address 19. Battle Gettysburg: Lee loses battle, hurts confederate troops. turning point of war. 20. Emancipation Proclamation 21. Gettysburg 22. Fredricksberg:
 * Notes for quiz.

May 28, 2009

May 14, 2009



May 11, 2009** 1.MANIFEST DESTINY (354-55): the belief that the Americans were destined to travel west. 2.ANNEXATION OF TEXAS (355-56) 3.OREGON TRAIL (347-48) 4.OREGON TERRITORY (347): Upper right part of the United States, which they gained after war with Britain 5.CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH (364-369): when people rushed to california after hearing gold was found there 6.MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR (351-354): America fought with mexico for territory over texas and other south east areas 7.INDUSTRIALISM (384-385): the further development of technology


 * May 7, 2009**
 * Missouri Compromise: a compromise that allowed Missouri to join the union as a slave state, and Maine as a free state
 * secession: withdrawing from an organization or an union.
 * Compromise of 1850: laws that balanced the the interest of slave states in the south and free states in the north, by making california a free state while utah and new mexico is admitted in the Union as a slave state.
 * Fugitive Slave Law: laws to provide return of fugitive slaves back to their masters, who have escaped to another state.
 * Uncle Tom's Cabin: an anti-slavery novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe
 * Ostend Manifesto: secret document taking Cuba from Spain
 * Kansas Nebraska Act: created territories of Kansas and Nebraska
 * Dred Scott Case: Supreme court decision that said people of African descendants are not allowed to be citizens of the United States
 * John Brown's Raid: when John Brown attempted to capture an American ferry
 * Election of 1860: year when Abraham Lincoln was elected as president.

Monroe Doctrine: a statement made by Monroe which stated that America would not tolerate any European interference within America Louisiana Purchase: a purchase that let America expand more than half its size. Bought from France by Thomas Jefferson.__**
 * __April 14, 2009

__How did the Monroe Doctrine influence America’s relationship with other foreign countries? At the time, America did not have the power to tell the other nations what to do, ,so the Monroe Doctrine had no big influence at the time. Although it served as a patriotic symbol for the Americans.

Identify the circumstances that allowed the United States to gain possession of the Louisiana Territory.
 * In order to gain possession of the Louisiana Territory, Jefferson had to send men to negotiate with the French. Since the French had a humiliating defeat in Haitai, they had to withdraw men from America, and Napolean was no longer interested in American soil. The Americans took advantage of this situation and bought the territory for only $15 million.**__


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April 9, 2009 Brown v. Board of Education

Linda Brown was an African American girl who got denied into a public elementary school in Topeka, Kansas just because she was black. When the case went to the Supreme Court, the judge decided that the segregation was unconstitutional. After this case, the court declared that all schools across the nation must be desegregated immediately. I definitely agree with this ruling, because it goes against the Constitution when it declares that ‘All men are created equal’. This case later became a rule named the Brown Rule.

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Supreme Court Decisions**

1 How many Supreme Court justices are there?
There are nine supreme court justices.

2 What is the Supreme Court?What does it do?
The supreme court is a big building where important decisions are made by the 9 supreme justices. It settles disputes and issues important to the American people.

3 What was the judiciary act of 1789? What is Judicial review?
The Judiciary Act of 1789 was a law that created the judicial branch. Judicial review is the idea that the Supreme Court can rule over any decisions that the state courts have made.

4 What was the story of Marbury vs Madison?
Marshall wanted to support his fellow federalist John Adams, but did he have to follow the law? Resulting from this argument, new powers for the judicial branch was set. It was concluded that the judicial branch had the power to throw out laws.

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040109 Why did Jefferson want to explore the West?

Jefferson wanted to explore the west because nobody knew what was out there, as far as they were concerned, anything could be out there. The west was a mysterious place where he had just heard rumors about. He had been told that it was a place where woolly mammoth roamed, a place where mountains were made out of salt. He wanted to find out if these were facts or just another rumor. Jefferson had always had a curiosity to the west, and tried to organize expeditions to the west even before his presidency, but failed; only when he became the president, he was able to fulfill his dream.

Why was Lewis an ideal leader for the Corps of Discovery?

Lewis was an ideal leader for the Corps of Discovery because not only was he a cool composed man, he was a man who Jefferson could trust, and a man who enjoyed adventure. He would not get distracted during the trip by things like women, but he would always be polite and act in an appropriate manner. Lewis was a man highly trusted by Jefferson. Others warned him of his destructive nature, but Jefferson could only trust Lewis for this expedition. Lewis could read Jefferson’s mind, and was his right hand man in the White House. An adventurous man, Lewis had always been a great fan of the outdoors, which suited him as the leader of the expedition.

What kind of man was William Clark?

William Clark was a strong, forceful man, somebody you could lean on. He trained the unprofessional men, and provided backbone for Lewis. Clark was the one person that Lewis could trust, thus choosing him as the co-captain of the expedition. He also had an unusual talent for mapmaking, which would've have served useful during the expedition.

Who was Sacagawea, and how did she aid the expedition?

Sacagawea was a Native American who had a sense of the landscape around them. She could tell where they were and knew what could be eaten on the way. She was also the sister of a tribal leader, and were a great help to Lewis and Clark when they needed horses. It was amazing that she was able to make the journey while she had an infant to take care of at the same time.

What was life like for York, Clark’s black slave, during the expedition?

York had the best time during the expedition. The Indians were fascinated by him because of his black skin color. They followed him around and respected his big muscular body, especially the women. During the journey, he was almost considered an equal as he carried out the same tasks as everybody else, got to vote, and had his own rifle. He was a full member of the team, he wasn't any more and he wasn't any less.

How did Lewis and Clark deal with the Indians they encountered?

Lewis and Clark tried to find out more about the Native Americans for Jefferson. They also tried to establish trade between them because that would help the United States grow. Another message they tried to bring to the Indians was that they all belonged to a "Great Father" in Washington. The Native Americans were accustomed to several different groups of people such as the French and the Spanish coming through that they did not pay much attention to the Americans who brought them flags and medals.

What kinds of animals did Lewis and Clark discover?

Lewis and Clark were fascinated by the prairie dogs that dug holes underground. They encountered killer mosquitoes; sometimes they couldn't even open their mouth without a mosquito flying in. At first, they were not afraid of grizzly bears, but they started to watch out as they saw bigger bears who could not be killed with only a few shots with a rifle. On the great plains, they saw thousands of buffalos just grazing peacefully on the grass.

What are some of the lesser known stories of the expedition?

Some lesser known stories would be how Lewis and Clark named the new places they discovered. Every person in the expedition had something named after them. Lewis's dog had something named after it; it was a big dog that Lewis brought everywhere. Whiskey was also a big part of the expedition. The men needed whiskey to survive the trip, so they calculated how much they should drink a day and started mixing water with the whiskey to make it last longer.

What is the larger historical significance of the expedition?

The journey was of historical significance because the Americans could find out what was beyond the safe borderlines of their new homes. Lewis and Clark also established some kind of relationship with the Native American. But it was journey that we can realte to; life is a journey that we travel, an adventure that we can all relate to.

March1509 1a) Majority of the electoral college elected George Washington, making him the first president of the United States 1b) As the First Lady, Martha Washington entertained guests, and attended social events with her husband. It was her duty to run the household with style.
 * p.237 #1-3**

2a) Regarding the executive branch, President Washing and the Congress established cabinet members, department heads who advised the president. They would have cabinet meetings and discuss important issues. 2b) The purpose of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was to establish clearly set up 3 different levels of federal court and define their power and relationship to the state courts. 2c) I think the most important element of the Judiciary Act is the part that stated the powers of the federal courts because for a nation to be successful, it needs clear rules.

3a) New York City was the first capital of the United States because it was one of the few cities that had a large growing population, and the officials like the idea that the vibrant city was like the growing nation. 3b) Americans expected a better trade system, a stable economy, and different expectations from different groups of people. For example, farmers wanted fair tax laws, and the right to settle west. 3c) I don't think New York City should still be the capital of the United States, because even though it has a certain energy, important government buildings such as the White House is located in Washington D.C.

1a) The new nation faced one main economic problem, which was to pay of their debts. The United States owed foreign countries and the US Citizens a handful of debts. 1b) Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison decided that the capital should be moved to New York City as a bribe to southern states to help pay off the northern states' taxes. 2a) Jefferson and Hamilton disagreed over the power of the people in the central government. Hamilton believed that not too much power should be given to the power, while Jefferson thought that the people have the right to rule the country. 2b) Since Hamilton was a New Yorker and Jefferson from Virginia, I think their views could have differed because from the New York side, 2c) I agree with Hamilton on the choices that he made because although Jefferson opposed these, the ideas still came through and created a strong stable economy. 3a) Jefferson disagreed with the Bank of American because he thought that it gave too much power to the federal governments and that the Constitution did not state that the federal government has enough power to create a bank. 3b) Loose construction is when the federal government can do thins not strictly written in the constitution. Strict construction is when the government only does what the constitution specifically states it can do. 3c) A national bank is necessary for the new nation because it provides a safe place where the government can store and use its money safely, and a system which allows states and businesses to borrow money.
 * p. 242 #1-3**

February 0609

Constitution: a set of basic principles and laws that states the powers and duties of the government Virginia Plan: a plan that proposed a new federal constitution that would give sovereignty, of supreme power, to the central government. New Jersey Plan: a plan which called for unicameral, or one-house, legislature. Gave each sate an equal number of votes = equal voice in federal government. Compromise: an agreement of a dispute Great Compromise: The agreement to create a two-house legislature Three-Fifths Compromise: Agreement stated that only three-fifths of a state’s slave population would count when determining representation Electoral College: a group of people selected from each of the states to cast votes in presidential elections
 * Key Terms and People**

The government’s power should come from the people. Everybody should have a chance to vote on government ideas, and their voices should be heard. People of all classes should be given a chance to be able to participate in the government. The states don’t make up the country, the people do.
 * Main Ideas**

Slaves should be counted as people for representation in Congress. Just because their skin color is different, and they speak a different language, it does not mean that they are not people. They are the same as me and you. Slaves have feelings and should not be treated as property of animals.

Slave trade should be outlawed because it’s a crime. You are taking innocent people and forcing them to come to America work as slaves. They should be given the option of leaving their home country. Even if they decide to go to America, they should not work as slaves, and be given the option of a different career. and be able to escape such strong segregation.

A single person should be able to head the executive branch because the judicial branch and the legislative branch is there to keep the executive branch from gaining too much power. The three branches even out the government system to spread the power, which is called checks and balances.

The chief executive should be elected by the people because the executive will be leading the country which is made up of more people than the Congress. Everybody should have the right to vote for their leader.

Social Studies Difference between explorers

The explorers that lived during the renaissance period all traveled on ship on one time or the other since they all came from Europe to find a route to the spice islands. They also had at least one country that sponsored their trips. Most of the explorers used stars to navigate their way through the oceans. Differences between these explorers are that they each had a different purpose, some went as privateers, and some went as conquistadors. They explored different places with different number of men, of ship etc.

November 12, 2008: Colony We chose Site D as the place to settle our colony because it's near the river where future merchants and settlers can come through. The meadow provides a place to grow plants. And it's also far enough from the sea for protection and savages. For our government, we chose anarchy.