Su+Min


 * End of the Civil War**

1) General stone wall jackson dies by the gun that the confederate has shot. 1b) The new general wasnt clever enough. He was better than McCllelan but he still didnt have good strategies. 2a) Lincoln's famous speech about the brave Union soldiers and the cause of war 2b) The Confederates had a disadvantage because the Union soldiers had a barrier to protects them. 3a) This was to capture Richmond, Virginia. 3b) At this period that they need to capture a lot of land and getting atlanta was a huge affect. 4a) Grants army forces surrounded Lee's no Lee couldnt do anything. 4b) the war made the south end slavery. However, people didnt have homes and jobs because a lot damage. War at West 1) a. Ulysses S. Grant played a big role in the war in the West. He basically earned victory from the south at the battle of Shiloh. He had the best record of winning battles. He was a very organized man. 1b) The battle of Shiloh was important because it was the first victory the North had against the south. Also, it was the battle when Ulysses Grant was really recognized for his performances. 1c) I think he would have agreed because the north is really desperate to win back the south and so they need to do anything in order to win the battles. I think Ulysses was a really nice general that helped the north a lot so all his ideas i believe will help the north. 2a) They wrapped there wooden boats with steel, ironclads, and defeated the war. Since the confederate boats were in wood it was easy to blow up the ships. This was an important victory because to get to the Mississippi, they needed a route so now there route is clear. 2b) Civilians were effected by having to live in a very uncivilized way for a while because they were short on food sources. 2c)This might totally switch up the results in war. The Union soldiers might become in a more better position of winning this war.

Why does the civil war begin?
Key Terms Main Ideas
 * Missouri Compromise: Maine becoming a free state and Missouri being a slave state. Compromising almost the equal amount of land.
 * secession: withdrawing from a union or from an organization.- south start to talk about secession in their own part about the difference with the north so they should divide.
 * Compromise of 1850: a series of five bills dealing with spread of slavery in order to keep the north and south interests equal. New Mexico, Utah was able to have popular sovereignty to vote what kind of state they wanted to be. Then Texas gave up lands to Mexico and receive 10 million to pay off debts. California as a free state and the other states will have popular sovereignty.
 * abolitionist: people who disagree slavery
 * Fugitive Slave Law: the person who is harboring the escaped slave, is the one who is in trouble. you cant runaway from your master.
 * Uncle Tom's Cabin: an anti-slavery novel written in 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe. This novel in testified the sectional conflict towards the Civil War. It talked about the American's attitude towards the African Americans.
 * Ostend Manifesto: a secret document written by US diplomats in Ostend, Belgium of planning to acquire Cuba to Spain. Also, talked about the slavery in the United States, Monroe Doctrine, and the Manifest Destiny. Later when this secret was leaked it lead to Civil War.
 * Kansas Nebraska Act: this act opened the kansas and nebraska land to the United States and once more reviewed the Missouri Compromise.
 * Dred Scott Case: a slave who sued the people for his rights of him as a citizen. Told that he is not a part of the US.
 * John Brown's Raid: Attempt to start a slave revolt however the slaves were afraid of the government. He wanted war with the south and wanted to save the slaves. Later he was hanged after this act he has made.
 * Election of 1860: The election that really led to the civil war. It really showed the difference between the slave favorers and the non favorers. Lincoln is elected as president.
 * 1) Analyze the significance of the State's Rights Doctrine, the Missouri Compromise (1820), the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), the Dred Scott Decision (1857), and the election of Abraham Lincoln (1860).
 * 2) They all delt with the conflict of Slavery. Which state will become a free state or a slave state. Each and every act or doctrine tried to divide the amount of free states and slave states equally so there wouldnt be much of a conflict in the state.
 * 3) Discuss the importance of the slavery issue as raised by the annexation of Texas and California's admission to the union as a free state under the Compromise of 1850.
 * 4) This really made the other slave states unfair because the number of slaves states started to decrease against the free states. When the popular soverignity was made, it really started to make the slave states feel unfair about the situation.

Monroe Doctrine & Louisiana Purchase
Major Components of Monroe Doctrine and purpose It stated that the colonization of America was over and that no more Europeans can come to the Western Hemisphere for more colonization. Also, the Us will not interfere with any of the Europeans settled in North and South Americas. The purpose of this was to strengthen the foreign policies.

How did the Monroe Doctrine influence America's relationship with other foreign countries? This gave peace between the foreign countries. However some didn't like it and some managed to challenge them against this.

Identify the circumstances that allowed the United States to gain possession of the Louisiana Purchase. The circumstances that allowed the Louisiana purchase was that France was trying to bring back there land from France and was currently at wasr with Spain. This will give an effect to the Mississippi River so he decided to purchase the land. Because of the harsh condition of the French army, Napolan decided to sell all of the Louisiana land to the US.

Brown v. Board of Education (HW)
This case was about a black who has protested that the blacks are not granted equal amount of education even though they are the same US citizens. The educations of the whites were better than the educating of the blacks. Oliver Brown, a black sewed the school for having the same kind of education as the whites however using different schools. Which was going against the fourteenth amendment of giving the right of equal education to all citizens.The court has set an ending to the public segregation in schools. I completely agree to this court ruling because this has lead to a step closer to the unity of the blacks and the whites. As granting the black as citizens, but not giving them enough freedom and rights wasn't fair. However, I think this court ruling was a very good idea, i completely agree.

Supreme Court Questions
1) How many Supreme Court justices are there? Nine.

2) What is the Supreme Court? What does it do? It is the highest part of the judicial branch. ( Highest court in the land). It makes the biggest decisions not minor issues in each state. What the Supreme Court says becomes the law.

3) What was the judiciary act of 1789? what is Judicial Review? This was the act that formed the Judicial branch in the Government. Making a law that the law made in the Supreme Court is final, number of justices(6), number of lower district courts(13), and that the Supreme Court can settle disputes between states.

4) What was the story of Marbury vs Madison? In the constitution, it doesn't say that the Supreme court can make laws. It was the first time the government was granted unconstitutional of some cause.

Questions (Lewis and Clark)
1) Why did Thomas Jefferson want to explore the west? Thomas Jefferson wanted to explore the west because first of all he was always curious and fascinated by the stories of the west when he was young. Also, he wanted to show liberty of the country to the west who are in the same land as them,however living in a different world. He wanted to grow the country bigger because he knew that something was there but he couldn't expand it.

2) Why was Lewis the ideal leader for the Corps of Discovery? He was a very friendly guy who would be kind to the indians and made agreements with the others. He always persuaded the indians well and communicated well with them. However, he was totally mentally wrecked by his situation after his discoveries. Lewis made so many discoveries during his adventure so he is the leader for the Corps of Discovery.

3) What kind of man was William Clark? He was a military man who always happened to make solutions. He was a great cartographer of the 1850s. His maps were elegant and had a good idea of the landscapes. He had a better sense in geography than any other explorer of his times. He didnt get any professional education however he just knew it because he knew it well just from the beginning.That is why Lewis chose Clark, it was someone who he could rely and count on.

4) Who was Sacagawea and how did she aid the expedition? She was a young Shoshoni and didn't know how to write. She could speak 3 different languages and Lewis and Clark knew that. She aided the expedition by being able to know how to speak Shoshoni. It really helped Lewis and Clark in their expedition.

5) What was life like for York, Clark's black slave, during the expedition? He was just trying his best to save Clark and just basically sacrificing him self for Clark. He had to feel all the freedom of non-slavery and then had to go back into the world of slavery making his life more miserable. THis is because during the exploration, he got a chance to taste freedom in a way because he wasn't doing work like before. Eventhough, he was hunting and gathering for Lewis and Clark, it wasn't as bad as before. His life was just very comfortable during the expedition.

6) How did Lewis and Clark deal with the Indians they encountered? They negotiated with the indians and made some treaties. They wanted trading relationships and make them a part of the United States because they had to expand and get more discoveries of that land. They tried to persuade them to move to the culture of the United States with good reasons that they can believe in.

7) What kind of animals did Lewis and Clark discover? They found prairie dogs and there life styles how cool it was. About how they live and dig there barrels under ground, it was just an amazing sight for them. There would be a lot of mosquitoes.Lewis couldn't even shoot at anyone because there were to many mosquitoes in the way. Few animals that they discovered were the badgers,sandhill crane, and a long tailed weasel.

8)What are some lesser known stories of the expedition? They named things based on what happened during the journey for naming the different animals.Also, they were known for stealing the whiskey from the Hall, however later it was known that it was there own whiskey they have stolen so there was no need for them to be punished in court because they were about to punished.

9)What is the larger historical significance of the expedition? It was a frightening journey and something that leads later on to the civil war.ALso, all the coyote stories begin from this expedition. If you were interested on adventures that made you have a look at there exploration. If you have interest in science, they made new inventions there making you look. It just has so many things that catch people's attention.

Chapter 7, Section 2 (questions 1~3)
1a) What economic problems did the new government face? They faced the problem of national debts, state debts, and about moving the capital.

1b) What compromise did Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson reach regarding repayment of the state debts? Finally in 1790 the government exchanged the old bonds with the new and more reliable ones.

2a) What disagreement did Jefferson and Hamilton have over the central government? Hamilton wanted a strong central government that balanced power between the "mass of people" and wealthier citizens. Believing that this will protect everyone's liberties while keeping the people from having too much power. However, Jefferson believed that it was the right of the people to rule the country.

2b) Hamilton was a New Yorker, while Jefferson was from Virginia. How do you think that affected their views on the economy? Jefferson who is from the southern country wanted more power to the southern people and has a view of the people of the southern people and is defending the people of the south. However, Hamilton from the north is defending the ideas of the people in the north. Therefore, the views of them will be different.

2c) Do you agree with Hamilton or Jefferson regarding the average citizen's ability to make decisions for the country? Explain. I agree with Hamilton because giving too much power to the citizens could make the country in deep depression again like the times of the Articles of Confederation. Hamilton wants the central government to have more power in order to put the country back in shape. However, making the citizens rule the country, will have to go through too much harsh events. Therefore, giving a reasonable amount of power to the central government will right.

3a) Why did Jefferson oppose the creation of the "Banks of the United States"? He believes that the federal government is having to much power and government should strictly follow the constitution. therefore he didn't want the Bank.

3b) What is the difference between loose construction and strict construction of the constitution? Loose construction means that the federal government can take reasonable actions that the Constitution does not specifically forbid. Strict construction is that the federal government should do only what is listed specifically in the Constitution.

3c) Defend Alexander Hamilton's stance in favor of the creation of a national bank. There is an elastic clause which allows the government to have exceptions in making new things. I think making the bank really can organize the country which is in deep depression on money to organize the causes of money.

Launching the Nation
Electoral College: voting a president on electoral votes, which relates to amount of population.

Chapter 7, Section 1 Questions.
Analyzing: Why was Washington selected to be president? People of that time portrayed him as a honest leader and a hero of the Revolutionary war. Reading Check: What two important precedents were established for the federal government? They made three levels of the federal court systems and made cabinet meeting with top advisers. Reading Check: Why was New York City chosen as the first capital of the United States? The population of the city was great and it represented the spirit of the nation. It was badly damaged however recovered fairly quickly. Assessment 1a) What role did the electoral college play in George Washington's elections to the presidency? Almost all of them chose Washington being the electors who represent each state. 1b) What were some of Martha Washington's duties as First Lady? She entertained quests and attended social events with her husband. 2a) What precedent did President Washington and Congress establish regarding the executive branch? They created the three branches of the federal court systems and made cabinet meetings with top advisers. 2b) What was the purpose of the Judiciary Act of 1789? This set up federal district courts and circuit courts of appeals. The president nominated candidates for federal judgeships. 2c) What do you think was the most important element of the Judiciary Act of 1789? Why? I think the most important elements are that it created a defined powers and relationship to the state courts. This is because if it doesn't have any defined powers the state powers will be in total chaos and not organized. 3a) What city served as the first capital of the United States? Why? New York City was the first capital city of the United States because it had the most population and represented the spirit of the nation. 3b) What expectations did most Americans have for the new nation? They wanted improved trade, free from too many restrictions. They also wanted protections of them and keep the economy stable. 3c) Do you think New York City should still be the capital city of the United States? Explain. Yes, because New York City is still a very out going and busy city where a lot of things happen in stocks and etc. The city is always in motion and everyone seem to work hard there. 4) Review your noted on George Washington. THen copy the chart below and use it to compare how Washington and congress organized the new government. The Congress first made up the Executive branch for different areas of the national policy. Washington then made up a more organized cabinet meetings assigning different people for different areas of the economy. Then for a more organized state rules and federal courts systems the Congress passes the Judiciary act of 1789 creating three levels of federal courts and defined their powers and relationship to the state courts. Then the president will nominate candidates for federal judgeships.
 * Electoral College: a body of electors who represent the people's vote in choosing the president.**
 * Precedent: i san action or decision that later serves as an example**
 * Judiciary act of 1789: created three levels of federal courts and defined their powers and relationship to the state courts.**