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1. Fort Sumter:** a federal outpost in Charleston, South Carolina, which was attacked by the Confederates. The Confederates won the war because the North was surprised of the attack. This battle or the attack sparked the Civil War. -Lincoln's election: he is an abolitionist -John Brown -Secession of the southern states
 * Civil War: 1861-1865
 * 2. 3 Events that lead to war:**
 * 3. Secession:** when the states decide not to become a part of the Union anymore; they withdraw
 * 4. First Bull Run:** this is when Confederates and Union fought. One of the first major battles. Union were advancing as the Confederates counterattacked. And the Union lost to the Confederates. This battle shattered the North's hope of winning the battle quickly.
 * 5. Stonewall Jackson:** a Confederate general well known after the commander Robert E. Lee. His name is Thomas, but he got his nickname because he firmly held his place in the Battle of the Bull Run. He was a brave and good general. Faces death because of Confederates' shell.
 * 6. George McClellan:** the coward general of the Union who was afraid of pushing the South.
 * 7. Robert E. Lee:** a graduate of the U.S. Military Academy at Westpoint, served in the Mexican War and led federal troops. He became the general of the Confederates. A very smart general.
 * 8. 7 Days Battle:** a battle that Lee attacked the Union and made the Union retreat from near Richmond. He launched series of attacks.
 * 9. Ironclads:** warships with iron shielding the boat. Ironclads could take several of wooden boats at once and still win. It had great power and force. Both Confederates and the Union started making ironclads since it was so powerful. (Virginia for Confederates and Monitor for the Union)
 * 10. Anaconda Plan:** a plan by the Union trying the blockade the Confederates' routes.
 * 11. Vicksburg:** this is when Grant cut off the Vicksburgs supply line so the residents and the soldiers would starve to death. Residents started eating mice and animals. Grant also seized them with fire and kept on shooting shells and bullets.
 * 12. Shiloh:** this was when Grant was resting his army and going through drills when the confederates attacked the Union. It was a bloody battle and both side retreated, but Grant was able to take control of the lost land. The victor was Grant.
 * 13. Emancipation Proclamation:** the slavery is abolished and the slaves are free
 * 14. Gettysburg Address:** a famous speech given by Lincoln talking about the bravery of the soliders who died and also about how they died for a good cause.
 * 15. Gettysburg:** this was an important battle that turned the tides against the Confederates. In this battle, General Lee and Union met. The Union formed a perfect defensive position and lining. Lee ordered an attack but it wasn't successfuly because the Union's defensive line was too strong.
 * 16. Picketts Charge:** General Pickett and other two troops marched to the center of the defensive position because they thought that the Union was severly damaged. But they were wrong and were showered with cannons and rocks. The Confederates lost.
 * 17. Wiliam Sherman:** Union's general, and he goes straight to Atlanta and takes control of the Atlanta. He practiced total war as he was marching.
 * 18. Wilderness Campaign:** the last campaign between Lee and Grant, that almost ended the war. A series of battles designed to capture Richmond, the center of the Confederates.
 * 19. Appomatox:** General E. Lee surrenders to the Union at the Appomattox Courthouse
 * 20. John Wilkes Booth

1a. What Confederate general died from his wounds at Chancellorsville?** Stonewall Jackson died from his wounds at Chancellorsville? Because the general Hooker was too hesitant and took a defensive position at Chancellorsville instead of attacking the Confederates. A speech that Lincoln gave to the fellow Americans in Gettysburg battlefield cemetery. He praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to winning the Civil War. The geography was very important because North was able to form an impossible-to-break defensive position using the geography of the Gettysburg. Because of that, the Union was able to win. The purpose was to capture the main headquarter in Richmond, Virginia. Because of this capture, people were going to re-elect Lincoln for being a successful leader of the nation. Sherman’s strategy and power of the army defeated the Confederates army. Also Sherman’s strategy of the total war, destroying all the houses and plantation led to Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Courthouse. A lot of people died from the Civil War. Also the slavery was ended because of their loss, and most of the slaves didn’t have homes or jobs. Also all the economy and the industries were ruined by North.
 * 1b. Why was the Union army defeated at Chancellorsville?**
 * 2a. What was the Gettysburg Address?**
 * 2b. Why was geography important to the outcome of the Battle of Gettysburg?**
 * 3a. What was the purpose of the Wilderness Campaign?**
 * 3b. In what ways was the capture of Atlanta an important victory for President Lincoln?**
 * 4a. What events led to Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Courthouse?**
 * 4b. What problems did the South face at the end of the war?**

**Emancipation Proclamation:** a proclamation that stated all slaves were free now in America. This led the nation into a new way. (Proclaimed by Lincoln)


 * Gettysburg Speech:** this speech was the last speech given by Lincoln. It talked about the people that died during the war. This inspired the Northern people.


 * Robert E Lee:** he was the head general of the South. He is considered one of the greatest generals in American history. He has great leadership and have courage. He also has great character and morality.


 * McCllean:** he was the head general of the North. He was a coward and was afraid of losing in battles, so he always hesitated. Lincoln got mad and forced him to attack.

1a. What role did Ulysses S. Grant play in the war in the West? He played a lot of roles in the war in the West. Unlike McClellan, he made better decisions and fought many battles and won them for the Union. He also took over many forts with force. He was a great general. He also fought against the Confederates and gained a lot of Mississippi River. 1b. Why was the battle of Shiloh important? It was important because the union was able to gain more control of the Mississippi River Valley. And also a lot of soldiers of both sides died a lot. 1c. Do you think President Lincoln would have approved of Grant's actions in the West? Why or why not? I think President Lincoln approved it because Grant was doing a great job forcing the Confederates back out of the Mississippi River. But he disliked the fact that so much Americans were dying because of this war and general. 2a. How did the Union take New Orleans, and why was it an important victory? The Union took the New Orleans by going past the two forts. They made a dash with their warships and seized New Orleans. 2b. How were the civilians affected by the Siege of Vicksburg? The civilians did not have any food source because they were all cut out. So the civilians didn't have any food so they ate horses, cows, and rats. ** 2c. What might be some possible results of the Union victory in Vicksburg? Possible results is their high-rising pride and also their siege of Vicksburg meant their territory will expand more. While the Confederates will be suffering a lot because of the losses while losing the civilians' trust in them. And the Confederates also lost a lot of soldiers. 3. Cause: 1) the Union tried to siege the Vicksburg. They tried to make them starve till they surrender. 2) the Union was practicing and running drills instead of setting up defense. Battles: 1) Siege of Vicksburg 2) Battle of Shiloh. Effects: 1) The people and soldiers up there were starving to death and had to surrender. It was a great method of fighting. 2) The Union was sprang upon but they still won the war because of the general's great leadership. Missouri Compromise: a compromise that stated that Missouri will enter the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state. And also the compromise drew an imaginary line separating the free state and the slave state.
 * Second Bull Run:** McCllean gets scared and tries to retreat. And Lincoln pushes him back again and Robert Lee pushes forward. At this time, the South seemed like they could win.
 * War in the West:

secession: act of formally withdrawing from the Union.

Compromise of 1850: Henry Clay's proposed agreement that allowed California to enter the Union as a free state and divided the rest of the Mexican Cession into two territories where slavery would be decided by popular sovereignty.

Fugitive Slave Law: a law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholder.

Uncle Tom's Cabin: a antislavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, who strongly opposed slavery in the novel. About a slave named Tom.

Ostend Manifesto: a secret document written in 1854 that describes a plan to acquire Cuba from Spain.

Kansas Nebraska Act: a law that allowed voters in Kansas and Nebraska to choose whether to allow slavery.

Dred Scott Case: Scott sued the slaveholder and the government for keeping him as a slave. He claimed that he was a free slave because he was living in a free state. He was overturned by the Supreme Court.

John Brown's Raid: it is when John Brown and his men took over the arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia, in hopes of starting a slave rebellion. They persuaded other black slaves, but they had to retreat because of the white men.

Election of 1860: this election is one of the most important elections in American history. Lincoln runs in this election and gets nominated as the president of the United States but faces many difficult problems.

(1) Analyze the significance of the State's Rights Doctrine, the Missouri Compromise (1820), the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), the Dred Scott Decision (1857), and the election of Abraham Lincoln (1860). State's Right Doctrine: this states that states have their rights and powers to do things according to the Tenth Amendment.

Missouri Compromise: was important to American history because it divided all the territories into a free state or a slave state.

Compromise of 1850: was very important because not only it stated California as a free state in the Union, it also ended the slave trade.

Kansas and Nebraska Act: was essential because it allowed the voters in Nebraska and Kansas to chose whether they want to become a free state or a slave state.

Dred Scott Decision: was very important because it stated that even though a black man is in the free state, they have to right to become free because in the Constitution and the law, it only states about white men, not black men.

Election of Abraham Lincoln: is significant to the U.S. history because Lincoln was the one that actually made the slavery fade away from the states and also the one who started the revolutions of the slavery.

(2)Discuss the importance of the slavery issue as raised by the annexation of Texas and California's admission to the union as a free state under the Compromise of 1850.

The importance of the slavery issue raised by the annexation of Texas and California's admission to the union as a free state under the Compromise of 1850 is that now the national government was giving the states the chance or permission to choose their sides. Whether to become a slave state or to become a free state.